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Deserts may be formed by any of the following:

  • Deforestation - when trees are cut down, there are no tree roots to hold the soil in place. This means wind erosion can pick up more good topsoil and take it away. This results in a vicious circle whereby plants cannot regenerate and so more soil is eroded away.
  • Deserts may be caused by rain shadows, when mountain ranges prevent clouds from reaching inland. As air from the ocean moves over the mountains, it cools down and moisture condenses, causing precipitation on the windward side. However, by the time the air reaches the lee of the mountains, it is dry because it has lost most of its moisture, meaning no precipitation to encourage plant growth - hence, a desert. Quite simply, mountains can block cloud paths. No clouds leads to lack of rain, which in turn leads to desert.
  • High altitude may result in deserts.
  • Cold deserts, such as the Antarctic, result from the fact that ice and snow does not melt, meaning there is no opportunity for plants to grow.
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