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How are work and heat related?

Updated: 10/26/2022
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10y ago

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because of the path functions ..

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'Work' (symbol: W) describes the transfer of energy from one form into another. For example, an electric motor changes kinetic energy into electrical energy. 'Heat' (symbol: Q) describes the transfer of energy from a warmer body to a cooler body. For example, energy is lost from an electrical conductor if its temperature is higher than its surroundings. Scientists describe both work and heat as 'energy in transit'. Both share the same unit of measurement, the joule.

In other words, work and heat are the only two methods of manipulating energy. And they are very much related to each other.

For example, and electric kettle does work on the water by converting electrical energy into the internal energy (i.e. the energy associated with the vibration of atoms within any body) of the water (and of the kettle itself). This increase in internal energy results in the temperature of the water increasing above the ambient temperature and, so, energy is lost to the surroundings through heat transfer. So the amount by which the internal energy of the water has increased must be the difference between the work done on the water, and the heat transfer away from the water, that is:

increase in internal energy = work - heat

This equation summarises the general relationship between work and heat.

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