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How can a rocket change its velocity?

Updated: 8/11/2023
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10y ago

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It could - but that's not the idea (except from start to whatever velocity you select).

Since the rocket must reach either escape or orbital velocity (25000 mph or 18000 mph), if you could start off with that speed, the sudden jerk would tear it apart.

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15y ago
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14y ago

A propeller works by pushing against air, but a rocket does not.
Rockets work by Newton's third law: An action creates an equally strong reaction working in the opposite direction.

Perhaps the simplest example is firing a gun: Expanding gas is pushing the bullet forward with the same strength as it is pushing the gun backwards, and the shooter has to absorb the 'kick'. This is the action = reaction principle, and it doesn't need air.

With a rocket, expanding gas is pushing in one direction (action), and instead of absorbing the reaction you let it push the rocket in the opposite direction. Again, no air is needed, and the rocket works equally well in empty space.

For steering, there are small rockets on the side that are fired in small bursts to change the general direction of the spaceship.

See also related link.

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10y ago

Because that's what it was designed to do. To go upward, there must be a force that is stronger than gravity; in the case of the rocket, this force is provided by the gas that is pushed out of the rocket - and which, of course, pushes back against the rocket; do some reading about Newton's Third Law for more details.

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10y ago

It has to use energy to change velocity.

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