Shamayim
It's the 5 books of Moses, most likely a combination of narratives of the birth of the world and the story of theJewish people passed down verbally through the centuries as it historically evolved, and then put to paper by various Jewish intellectuals and religious leaders finally ending up as a selected set of texts from a wide range on offer ( i.e.. Some texts were excluded for various political and sociological or cultural reasons).
A different answer: The tradition states that the Torah was given by God during the 40-year sojourn in the wilderness. It was written in its entirety before Moses died, as it states explicitly (Deuteronomy 31:24).
the Torah
The Torah was written in Hebrew and we certainly do still have it in the Hebrew language, although we do not have the original completed versions with the words exactly as then used.
The Jews received the Torah from God written in Hebrew, and significant numbers still read and study Torah in the original Hebrew to this day.
in jeruslam underneath the throne of Solomon
Yes, except the original format is in Hebrew.
Yes, they are mentioned from the 2nd to 4th chapters of Bereshit (Genesis).
The Torah is comprised of the five books which, in translation, comprise the first five booksof the "Old Testament", i.e. Genesis through Deuteronomy.
The first five books of the Bible are called the Torah (teaching in Hebrew). Their original Hebrew names are, in this order:BereishitShmotVayikraBamidbarDevarim
There is no "original version" of the Torah. The Torah which we possess today has not changed. It contains 79,976 words, which were written by Moses (Deuteronomy 31:24) at God's dictation (Exodus 24:12). The kabbalah has no further (or different) information on this point. The Torah has been vindicated hundreds of times by actual archaeological finds, while theories which claim change have produced zero physical evidence.
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. All of these are only in the original Hebrew.
A Sefer Torah is the Torah text written by someone properly trained on a certain type of parchment and a certain kind of black ink. The Sefer Torah is hand written and costs tens of thousands of dollars.The Torah is the content that is written in the Sefer Torah. It is the original Hebrew version of the Bible.
The Torah scroll in its original form and language..plus people who have an unbroken tradition as to its meaning.