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The land was broken by mountain ranges, rivers and sea coast. Each city-state had its own farming land and defended it, ensuring the city-states maintained their independence. The waterways provided seafood and transportation for trade. So the most viable city-states were located on a patch of arable land, protected by mountains, and with access to the sea/rivers.

This isolation ensured that they became warrior-states, and led to a growing role and influence of the lower classes who wanted a say in whether they should turn out to defend the state.

The women remained as housekeepers and bearing and raising children. Slaves supplemented the workforce on the farm and in the home.

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11y ago

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