She will naturaly come into heat every 21 days, however, if she is not coming in heat an injection of a synthetic prostoglandin is recommended. This will cause regression of the corpus luteum (what aids in heat cycles). You will see a heat cycle within 2 to 5 days post injection. Discuss with your veterinarian what injection is available in your area and what is best suitable for your herd.
An example of this type of injection is Estrumate.
They don't. Calves are too young to reach puberty. Heifers reach puberty when they are around 15 months of age, and bulls reach puberty when they are around 8 to 12 months of age. By that time they are no longer deemed as calves.
They shouldn't. So no, they don't.
Jerseys are one such breed.
Angus cows or heifers come into heat every 21 days.
Only bulls can be castrated, however a few producers have the money to spay their heifers before they enter the feedlot to prevent weight loss when the heifers go into heat. Spaying heifers is a rarity though, and the consequential costs are high. Cows never get spayed. If they can't produce they get sent to slaughter.
Heifers will show their first heat around the age of one year, depending on the heifer.
A yearling bull, which is best used on heifers, can breed from 10 to 20 heifers in a breeding season.
Since yearling bulls are the best to use on heifers, and one yearling bull will breed from 15 to 20 heifers, you should have 4 bulls for your herd of 70 heifers.
When the heifers are at least 14 months old, you can put yearling bulls (15-20 heifers per bull for yearlings) in with them. Don't put your big mature bulls in with your heifers as this could cause problems later on.
Usually it is better to butcher a beef steer but heifers are okay.
Heifers.
A yearling. Bulls are yearling bulls, heifers yearling heifers (or just heifers). Steers are often just called steers, sometimes yearling steers if you want to be more precise.
There are a few factors involved, care of the animal will play a part. Typically it depends on maturity of the reproductive tract, but also on body condition and genetics. Most heifers will begin their initial cycling at around 11 to 12 months, however this is not always the case with breeds that are early maturing such as Jerseys, Dexter, Gelbvieh and Galloway, which may start coming into heat around 8 to 9 months of age. Late maturing breeds such as Brahman will find heifers going into first heat at 15 months. Other late maturing breeds like Charolias, Chianina and Limousin will have heifers going into their first eat between 13 and 15 months of age. Malnourished animals or those in poor body condition will have a delayed first estrus, but overly fat heifers will also come into heat for the first time later than those that are in normal condition. Genetics also play a role in determining the start of puberty for heifers. Some breeders select for cattle within a certain breed they're raising to be more early maturing than the breed average.