How do the baby respiration and circulation change when the is born?

Answer 1

Fetus does not need to go for respiration in the womb of the mother. It gets the oxygen and food from the blood of the mother. The carbon bi oxide and metabolic waste products are carried away via the blood of the mother only. So blood does not need to pass from the lungs of the fetus. The blood pass from right atrium to left atrium via a hole in the wall between the two atria. This is a short cut. The very great pressure from unopened blood vessels of the lungs prevent the flow through lungs. After the birth of the child the umbilical cord is tied up. The newborn neither gets oxygen nor the carbon bi oxide is carried away from the body. The accumulated carbon bi oxide stimulates the respiratory center of newborn. As the newborn takes in a deep respiration, air enters in the lungs. The blood pressure in the lungs drops suddenly due to this. Then the blood starts to flow through the lungs via right heart. It no more need to pass via left atrium. These changes are natural consequence of the pressure changes in the lungs and heart chambers. The hole between both the atria get closed as a result. ( This looks simple to explain. It is simple. But the great question is, 'Who designed these simple things?' That means, 'Who designed the rules of Nature? The chances of every thing getting created by accident are very very remote. The only explanation is that the rules of nature are designed by "Somebody".)

Answer 2

The circulatory and respiratory systems must work on their own.

Answer 3

The foramen ovale closes to form the fossa ovale. The ductus arteriosus also closes. These are shunts in the fetal heart that allow blood to pass directly from the right heart to the right heart. Other changes...the umbilical blood vessels close up; all that is left of them later is a ligament. The foramen ovale closes to form the fossa ovale. The ductus arteriosus also closes. These are shunts in the fetal heart that allow blood to pass directly from the right heart to the right heart. Other changes...the umbilical blood vessels close up; all that is left of them later is a ligament.

Answer 4

Definition

Changes in the newborn at birth are a number of changes that an infant's body undergoes to allow it to survive outside the womb and adapt to life in a new environment.

Alternative Names

Birth - changes in the newborn

Information

LUNGS AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

While the fetus is in the womb, it "breathes" by exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide through the mother's circulation via the placenta. Most of the blood does not go through the developing baby's lungs. Instead, it travels through the heart and flows throughout the baby's body.

At birth, the baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid and are not inflated. The baby takes the first breath within about 10 seconds after delivery. It sounds like a gasp, as the newborn's central nervous system reacts to the sudden change in temperature and environment.

Once the umbilical cord is cut and the baby takes the first breath, a number of changes occur in the infant's lungs and circulatory system:

• Increased oxygen in the lungs causes a decrease in blood flow resistance to the lungs.
• Blood flow resistance of the baby's blood vessels also increases.
• Amniotic fluid drains or is absorbed from the respiratory system.
• The lungs inflate and begin working on their own, moving oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide by breathing out (exhalation).

TEMPERATURE REGULATION

A developing baby produces about twice as much heat as an adult. That heat dissipates as blood flows into the mother's circulation via the placenta and is cooled. A small amount of heat is removed through the developing baby's skin, the amniotic fluid, and the uterine wall.

After delivery, the newborn begins to lose heat. Receptors on the baby's skin send messages to the brain that the baby's body is cold. The baby's body then creates heat by shivering and by burning stores of brown fat, a type of fat found only in fetuses and newborns.

LIVER

In the fetus, the liver acts as a storage site for sugar (glycogen) and iron. When the baby is born, the liver has various functions:

• It produces substances that help the blood to clot.
• It begins breaking down waste products such as excess red blood cells.
• It produces a protein that helps break down bilirubin. If the baby's body does not properly break down bilirubin, it can lead to newborn jaundice.

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

A baby's gastrointestinal system doesn't fully function until after birth.

In late pregnancy, the fetus produces a tarry green or black waste substance called meconium. Meconium is the medical term for the newborn infant's first stools. Meconium is composed of amniotic fluid, mucus, lanugo (the fine hair that covers the baby's body), bile, and cells that have been shed from the skin and intestinal tract. In some cases, the baby passes stools (meconium) while still inside the uterus.

URINARY SYSTEM

The developing baby's kidneys begin producing urine by 9 - 12 weeks into the pregnancy. After birth, the newborn will usually urinate within the first 24 hours of life. The kidneys become able to maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.

The rate at which blood filters through the kidneys (glomerular filtration rate) increases sharply after birth and in the first 2 weeks of life. Still, it takes some time for the kidneys to get up to speed. Newborns have less ability to remove excess salt (sodium) or to concentrate or dilute the urine compared to adults. This ability improves over time.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

The immune system begins to develop in the fetus, and continues to mature through the child's first few years of life. The womb is a relatively sterile environment. But as soon as the baby is born, he or she is exposed to a variety of bacteria and other potential disease-causing substances. Although newborn infants are more vulnerable to infection, their immune system can respond to infectious organisms.

Newborns do carry some antibodies from their mother, which provide protection against infection. Breastfeeding also helps improve a newborn's immunity.

SKIN

Newborn skin will vary depending on the length of the pregnancy. Premature infants have thin, transparent skin. The skin of a full-term infant is thicker.

Characteristics of newborn skin:

• A fine hair called lanugo might cover the newborn's skin, especially in preterm babies. The hair should disappear within the first few weeks of the baby's life.
• A thick, waxy substance called vernix may cover the skin. This substance protects the fetus while floating in amniotic fluid in the womb. Vernix should wash off during the baby's first bath.
• The skin might be cracking, peeling, or blotchy, but this should improve over time.

See: Skin characteristics in newborns for other skin changes in the newborn.

References

Olsson J. The newborn. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 7.

Answer 5

Definition

Changes in the newborn at birth are a number of changes that an infant's body undergoes to allow it to survive outside the womb and adapt to life in a new environment.

Alternative Names

Birth - changes in the newborn

Information

LUNGS AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

While the fetus is in the womb, it "breathes" by exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide through the mother's circulation via the placenta. Most of the blood does not go through the developing baby's lungs. Instead, it travels through the heart and flows throughout the baby's body.

At birth, the baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid and are not inflated. The baby takes the first breath within about 10 seconds after delivery. It sounds like a gasp, as the newborn's central nervous system reacts to the sudden change in temperature and environment.

Once the umbilical cord is cut and the baby takes the first breath, a number of changes occur in the infant's lungs and circulatory system:

• Increased oxygen in the lungs causes a decrease in blood flow resistance to the lungs.
• Blood flow resistance of the baby's blood vessels also increases.
• Amniotic fluid drains or is absorbed from the respiratory system.
• The lungs inflate and begin working on their own, moving oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide by breathing out (exhalation).

TEMPERATURE REGULATION

A developing baby produces about twice as much heat as an adult. That heat dissipates as blood flows into the mother's circulation via the placenta and is cooled. A small amount of heat is removed through the developing baby's skin, the amniotic fluid, and the uterine wall.

After delivery, the newborn begins to lose heat. Receptors on the baby's skin send messages to the brain that the baby's body is cold. The baby's body then creates heat by shivering and by burning stores of brown fat, a type of fat found only in fetuses and newborns.

LIVER

In the fetus, the liver acts as a storage site for sugar (glycogen) and iron. When the baby is born, the liver has various functions:

• It produces substances that help the blood to clot.
• It begins breaking down waste products such as excess red blood cells.
• It produces a protein that helps break down bilirubin. If the baby's body does not properly break down bilirubin, it can lead to newborn jaundice.

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

A baby's gastrointestinal system doesn't fully function until after birth.

In late pregnancy, the fetus produces a tarry green or black waste substance called meconium. Meconium is the medical term for the newborn infant's first stools. Meconium is composed of amniotic fluid, mucus, lanugo (the fine hair that covers the baby's body), bile, and cells that have been shed from the skin and intestinal tract. In some cases, the baby passes stools (meconium) while still inside the uterus.

URINARY SYSTEM

The developing baby's kidneys begin producing urine by 9 - 12 weeks into the pregnancy. After birth, the newborn will usually urinate within the first 24 hours of life. The kidneys become able to maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.

The rate at which blood filters through the kidneys (glomerular filtration rate) increases sharply after birth and in the first 2 weeks of life. Still, it takes some time for the kidneys to get up to speed. Newborns have less ability to remove excess salt (sodium) or to concentrate or dilute the urine compared to adults. This ability improves over time.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

The immune system begins to develop in the fetus, and continues to mature through the child's first few years of life. The womb is a relatively sterile environment. But as soon as the baby is born, he or she is exposed to a variety of bacteria and other potential disease-causing substances. Although newborn infants are more vulnerable to infection, their immune system can respond to infectious organisms.

Newborns do carry some antibodies from their mother, which provide protection against infection. Breastfeeding also helps improve a newborn's immunity.

SKIN

Newborn skin will vary depending on the length of the pregnancy. Premature infants have thin, transparent skin. The skin of a full-term infant is thicker.

Characteristics of newborn skin:

• A fine hair called lanugo might cover the newborn's skin, especially in preterm babies. The hair should disappear within the first few weeks of the baby's life.
• A thick, waxy substance called vernix may cover the skin. This substance protects the fetus while floating in amniotic fluid in the womb. Vernix should wash off during the baby's first bath.
• The skin might be cracking, peeling, or blotchy, but this should improve over time.

See: Skin characteristics in newborns for other skin changes in the newborn.

References

Olsson J. The newborn. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 7.

Reviewed By

Review Date: 11/02/2009

Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Answer 6

It no longer depends on the mother for oxygen

Answer 7

The Ductus Arteriosus normally closes when a baby takes its first breath. This is a small bypass between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.