How do you convert singular nouns into plural nouns?

Answer 1

Normally, you just add an 's'.

- eg. boy --> boys, home --> homes, boot --> boots, bath --> baths

If the word ends in 'x', 'z', 's', 'ss', 'ch', or 'sh', you add an 'es'.

- eg. fox --> foxes, buzz --> buzzes, bus --> buses, glass --> glasses, church --> churches, wish --> wishes

If the word ends in a consonant + 'y', you change the 'y' to an 'i' and add 'es'.

- eg. country --> countries, fly --> flies

- But note: if a word ends in a vowel + 'y', you just add 's' (eg. lay --> lays, toy --> toys)

There are some exceptions that don't follow these rules. You just have to learn those each individually.

- eg. goose --> geese, deer --> deer, mouse --> mice

Answer 2

You mean in English?

Normally you just take the -s off the end: tables > table

But sometimes you need to change the final vowel(s). If a singular noun ends in a -y, such as teddy, buddy, cemetery, then the plural ends in -ies: teddies, buddies, cemeteries. So to convert it back to singular, you take of the -s and change the -ie back into a -y.