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In a controlled test condition (like crash tests on cars) an accelerometer is used to measure the rate of deceleration. It should be possible to estimate the deceleration following a collision if the speed of the vehicles at the moment of the collision is known. We could do this by measuring the amount the car was crushed/dented during the collision. We know the vehicle decelerated from its starting speed over this distance so we can estimate the average deceleration. I believe there are more sophisticated techniques used by accident investigators. As an aside, in strict physics terminology, slowing down (as well as any other change in velocity) is acceleration, not deceleration however deceleration is often used to imply a reduction in speed in every day English. If you want to get into this further have a look at "Are speed and velocity the same?" and remember that acceleration is also a vector.

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Q: How do you measure or calculate deceleration during a collision?
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There are a few ways to go about solving this one. Here's one that takes a few steps, but they're easy to follow. What is the average speed of the car during its rapid deceleration? Assuming constant deceleration, it's (80 - 0)/2 = 40 km/s = 11.1 m/s. (I'm playing fast and loose with the signs at this point.) Divide the stopping distance (50 m) by that speed and you get 4.5 seconds. Acceleration, a, is delta V / delta t = -22.2 / 4.5 = -4.9 m/s2. Since the acceleration of gravity is -9.8 m/s2, the deceleration of the car is about half a g. Note that deceleration is the same as negative acceleration.


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