Use a good mastic or adhesive
Yes, standard ceramic tile adhesive.
Remove the adhesive.
It depends on the type of ceramic adhesive. Many of them can be taken off tile with lacquer thinner on a rag.
You use a regular wall tile adhesive like Ecobond
If they are ceramic tiles and this is the adhesive used to bond them, instructions will be on the container.
It's no different on drywall than it is on any other surface. You spread the cement the same way, you apply the tile the same way.
Yes, you can by using standard tile adhesive.
Yes, if the adhesive is smooth, no lumps and if you use a compatible glue, not thinset cement
Soak it in a tub of water for a few days, then the drywall can be scraped off.
Yes, but you should you use an adhesive that is ductile
100% silicone will do that.
No, but it does have to be smooth, preferably sanded.
There are many kinds of tile adhesive and you don't specify which . However most are basically of two kinds - Very fine Portland cement with additives, used mainly for stone or ceramic floor tiles and a type of modified latex for ceramic wall tiles.