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There are various ways for a lathe to hold its workpiece.The workpiece could be held between centers from the spindle and tail stockIt could be gripped in a chuckA faceplate could be used and the workpiece is screwed, bolted or clamped to it.
The package is part of the workpiece.
this is a vertical turret lathe you stand the workpiece on a horizontal chuck
The bed of a lathe is the central beam that runs down the machine. The head, which holds and turns the workpiece, is fixed at one end, there is a tailstock at the other end which can be adjusted along the bed, and usually a carraige in between, which holds turning tools. The workpiece that can be turned in the lathe is limited to what will fit in the head without hitting the bed. A gap bed lathe has a gap in the bed near the head, so a larger workpiece can be turned.
The bed of a lathe is the central beam that runs down the machine. The head, which holds and turns the workpiece, is fixed at one end, there is a tailstock at the other end which can be adjusted along the bed, and usually a carraige in between, which holds turning tools. The workpiece that can be turned in the lathe is limited to what will fit in the head without hitting the bed. A gap bed lathe has a gap in the bed near the head, so a larger workpiece can be turned.
Rotates around its axis of the workpiece and the tool will take on the filings.
On a pedestal drill the workpiece is static and the drill is in a vertical position and rotates. On a lathe the workpiece rotates but not the drill, and the drill is in a horizontal position.
A lathe is important because it's a machine that is widely used in Engineering operations. It was a boring machine that gave a workpiece the desired shape.
You need balance. Weights equal to the weight of the workpiece on the holder.
All gearboxes work the same way: there is a gear on the motor, a gear on the thing you're trying to drive, and sometimes a set of gears between the two. The ratio between the gears, plus the RPM of the motor, determines the speed of the workpiece. If the gear on the motor is larger than the gear on the workpiece the RPM of the workpiece will be higher than the speed of the motor. If the workpiece's gear is larger, the workpiece will turn slower than the motor. Given that, though, I've never seen a gearbox on a wood lathe. Wood lathes use belt drive for two reasons, the most important being safety--if you get a catch, a workpiece on a belt driven lathe won't damage you as badly as a workpiece on a gear-driven lathe. Also, belt drive won't feed vibration from the workpiece back into the motor and damage the bearings. Gear drive is used on metal lathes.
An operation performed on a lathe that feeds a tool at an angle to the length of the workpiece in order to create a conical shape.
The swing of a lathe can be increased if the gap-bed section is removed, providing the lathe has this option and the workpiece is not longer than the gap when clamped in the chuck.