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Generally fossils are formed when plants or animals die (or are trapped) and covered with a layer of mud.

This not only protects the dead animal carcass (or plant) from scavengers that may have been lurking nearby, but also retards decomposition. This applies not only to animals, but also fish, moluscs and some insects (where the shells are preserved).

As the layers of sediment (or mud) are layered on top of the dead body the flesh decomposes (in the case of plants the soft tissue).

Over time dissolved minerals in the soil surrounding and above the now skeleton penetrate the bones of the animal and replace the calcium of the bones, this leaves a mineral imprint of the bone, which is now a considered a fossil.

In the case of plants, the imprint of the leaf is left in the surrounding stone.

This process happens over millions of years.

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