How does the ecosystem behave as a system?

Answer 1

Introduction of new elements, whether biotic or abiotic, into an ecosystem tend to have a disruptive effect. In some cases, this can lead to ecological collapse or "trophic cascading" and the death of many species within the ecosystem. Often, however, ecosystems have the ability to rebound from a disruptive agent. The difference between collapse or a gentle rebound is determined by two factors-the toxicity of the introduced element and the resiliency of the original ecosystem.
In other words, ecosystems are dynamic - their non-living elements change, and their living elements grow and die. And despite dramatic changes in individual elements, ecosystems can be resilient and stable.

Answer 2

integration of all living things and their relationships including their interactions with elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere