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How does microphones work?

Updated: 9/19/2023
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13y ago

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A microphone is a device that converts acoustical pressure waves (or sound, which is mechanical energy) into electrical energy or signals. All microphones have a diaphragm, membrane, or other mechanical element in them that vibrates sympathetically in response to the arriving acoustic wave fronts. This mechanical element acts on the electrical element to generate electromagnetic energy (voltage). The actual mechanism used to make the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy will vary from mic to mic. Let's examine one kind.

We see some microphones that have a diaphragm with a coil of wire attached to that diaphragm. Inside the coil is a stationary magnet. The sound energy moves the diaphragm, which moves the coil (with the stationary magnet inside it). The movement of the coil in the fixed magnetic field generates an electrical signal in the coil that "corresponds" to the sound that created it. The signal may then be sent via wires to an amplifier. There are other types of microphones, and for information on them, follow the link below.

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Obie Ondricka

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1y ago
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Q: How does microphones work?
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Why do you need different types of microphones?

You need different types of microphones for different types of sound sources. For example, for a bass drum, you would need a microphone with the ability to catch low-frequency sound waves. For tom-toms or a snare drum, you need microphones that can pick up very loud (high SPL) sounds. For choirs, you need microphones with very large pick-up patterns. You need smaller microphones to be discreet. Vocal microphones onstage need to have excellent rear-rejection to help eliminate the risk of feedback from the mains or monitors.For live situations, omnidirectional microphones are not suitable because of the risk of feedback. Whereas with recording, different pick-up patterns can be more safely used.Most microphones (other than the Shure SM57 or similar mics) have a specific use that the mic is best suited for.


Do microphones work in the vacuum of space?

According to the principles of physics, sound itself is unable to travel in a vacuum. Therefore, a microphone will be unable to amplify any sounds in a vacuum.


What is the science behind the effects of audio amplifiers?

Audio amplifiers are electric circuits which work to amplify a weak signal, such as the signal from microphones, tape player and several other devices. It amplifies the signal to a level capable of driving a loud speaker.


What is a sound sensor used for?

They are mainly used in various different kinds of Microphones. Sound sensor is also used in mobile phones.


How can a microphone convert energy?

Most microphones sold today are "dynamic" microphones. They contain a tube (known as a coil former) with a coil of wire wrapped around it, a magnet inside the coil former, and a diaphragm glued to one end of the coil former. The diaphragm moves the coil former back and forth across the magnet; as it moves, electricity is generated in the coil.