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The sound system sends an electrical *signal* over two wires connected to the speaker. *Signal* refers to the fact that the relative voltage of the two wires varies in accordance with the vibrations needed to produce the desired sound. The speaker includes an electromagnet, to which the wires are connected, a metallic diaphragm within the field produced by the magnet, and a cone physically connected to the diaphragm. With one polarity of voltage applied to the magnet, the diaphragm, and therefore the cone are displaced toward the magnet, from their natural position. When the polarity is reversed, they are displace away from the magnet. The amount of displacement depends on the amount of voltage applied. The displacement causes the air in contact with the cone to be displaced as well. If the displacement of air changes at a frequency that is within range of the human ear (typically about 50-20,000 Hz or cycles per second, but it depends on the individual), the result is audible sound. The volume of the sound depends on the difference between the most negative and most positive displacement. The pitch of the sound depends on the frequency. For example, 440Hz is A above middle C.

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Q: How does speakers function when connected to a sound system?
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