The fetus gets food and oxygen through the umbilical cord.
A growing foetus needs the cord because it gives the food and oxygen from the mother into the babyThe cord feeds the baby and gives the baby oxygen.All foetus's need a cord !
The mother's blood supply enters the foetus via the umbillical cord and allows oxygen to diffuse from the mother's blood into the foetus.
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Carbon dioxide and other such waste gases diffuse from the foetus and across the placenta into the mother's blood. Urea (excretory product) also diffuses into the mother's blood. (The substances in bold will answer question).
The deoxygenated blood and the baby's waste products pass from the foetus to the mother. The mother can then dispose of these through her systems.
The placenta is the organ that carries food, oxygen, and other essential nutrients from the mother to the fetus through the umbilical cord. It also helps remove waste products from the fetus back to the mother's circulation for elimination.
In the umbilical cord you have one vein and two arteries. This vein goes to the liver of foetus. This blood vessel contains most oxygen and food in case of foetus. After birth this vessel gets obliterated to form the falciform ligament.
the blood from the mother runs alongside the blood from the foetus ;the mother's blood carries food and oxygen to the baby .The oxygen reachs the lungs and carbon dioxide +waste exits through the umbilical cord . Although they run beside each other they never mix.
The foetus in embedded in fluid called amniotic fluid. Some times the foetus takes a breath in that fluid, just before the delivery. The result is disastrous. If the foetus is born with the fluid in the lungs, it is going to die in most of the cases. The foetus is getting all the oxygen and the nutrition from the mother. This is supplied through the placenta. So the lungs of the foetus are at rest in the womb of the mother.
Everything is supplied and filtered by the placenta.
Oxygen from the mother's blood diffuses across the placenta into the foetal blood. This oxygen is then carried by red blood cells to the cells of the foetus through the circulatory system. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs at the capillaries, allowing oxygen to reach the foetal cells for cellular respiration.
The developing foetus gets everything it needs from the mother via the umbilical cord. That includes food and oxygen (which is dissolved in the mother's bloodstream). The umbilical cord performs a 'gas exchange' which removes waste gasses from the bloodstream of the foetus, and delivers fresh oxygen. The foetus doesn't need to breathe air to grow and survive. Once the baby is delivered, the placenta stops working, and the child take its first breath of air. From that moment, it's dependence on the mother's body stops.