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They all vary to some degree, but in general, when the bolt is operated, the firing pin is caught and held behind a sear, and the firing pin spring is compressed as the bolt closes. When the trigger is pulled, it causes the sear to be pulled down, releasing the firing pin, which is driven forward by the spring, striking the primer of the cartridge, firing it.

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Q: How does the trigger mechanism of a bolt-action rifle work?
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