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There is no specific answer to that question since there are far too many variables involved.

A ballista relies on spring torsion for its power, so it follows that the materials used in making the arms and the degree of torsion applied will impact on range; the elevation and weight of the bolt (not arrow) will also impact on range; the height of the ballista with reference to the target will also be significant; as will the size of the arms and the construction of the whole machine.

Medieval ballistae were made with a huge wooden bow providing the torsion power, so naturally there was a limit to the available power - too much tension and the bow would shatter.

There was never any fixed size for a ballista or any other siege engine; some were made quite small so they could be mounted inside a tower to shoot at attackers - the relative height of a ballista in a tower with respect to the attackers at ground level would increase the range considerably. All were made with an elevating mechanism which would change the range.

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13y ago

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