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The electrons flow into one end of the metal bulb bottom, they then flow into the filament where they meet heavy resistance. This resistance causes the filament to heat up and produce light as the electrons try desperately to keep moving.

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In the case of incandescent lamps, the electricity does work on the filament, causing its internal energy to increase. This is accompanied by a rise in temperature which results in a loss of energy to the surroundings by (mainly) heat transfer and (to a lesser extent) electromagnetic energy in the form of visible light.

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