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Germanium is produced mainly from sphalerite a zinc ore, but recent work indicates fly ash from coal burning is a rich source.

Once collected the crude germanium ingots are purified by zone refining, a process that mets a cross sectional area of the ingot allowing the impurities to concentrate in the melt while the pure germanium is allowed to resolidify in the cooling material. The melted area is moved along the ingot until the last meted material contains all the impurities

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