How is insulin produced in genetic engineering?

Answer 1

They take one cell that produces a protein, for example, e. coli, that lives in the gut of humans and they remove the DNA

Then they take the actual DNA from the insulin producing gland cells, and they insert it into the empty nucleus of the cell. Now you have a cell which has a "computer program" telling it to produce insulin instead of the original protein it was meant to produce. The cell can reproduce and produce more insulin. Then they actually "harvest" human insulin. In general, this is the same way that they duplicate human growth hormone and other human or animal hormones.

Answer 2

Human insulin from recombinant DNA was devised by Genentech. It has the same chemical structure as the insulin produced by humans, and, therefore, it works better over time. In theory, it could also be cheaper than insulin extracted from animals because the production costs are lower. I don't think that there is any insulin on the market in the U.S. which is still extracted from animals.

Answer 3

Splicing the genes for these products into an organism that divides rapidly and faithfully so that the products you mentioned are produced in these cells. Bacteria and Chinese Hamster Ovaries are two cell types used here.

Answer 4

In E. Coli by use of plasmids