There are many types of bacteria some of which don't need to live inside another organism.
Yes, but these bacteria are not in all soils. Antrax can be found in some soils. Many pathogenic bacteria can be in untreated sewage or septic effluent, which might be spread on soils. However, these intestinal bacteria usually don't live very long in soils. They are built to live and compete inside a living body, and are no match for native soil bacteria.
They die once they hit the air
Archaea bacteria has a similar cell organization to regular bacteria. They are simple, single cell organisms. Like other bacteria, they have no cell nucleus. They are around 5 micro meters long.
the concentration of sugar in the bacteria is low whereas that of the outside, where the sugar is, is high. to make the concentration balanced, water molecules have to leave the cells of the bacteria therefore causing the bacteria to shrink and eventually die. (sorry if the answer is too long) this process is called "hypertonic"
Depending on the environment, anywhere from minutes to about 14 hours.
E. coli bacteria can live outside of the body for long durations of time. This is especially true when there are conditions available that allow for these organisms to eat and multiply.
Hepatitis C can live for 1 week outside the body.
no
I am not sure how long it will live outside the body, but this does not necessarily matter as many people are carriers.
No. HIV needs a host. It does not live long, outside the body.
Hep B can live for up to a week outside the body.
Sperm cannot live for very long outside of the body
You can't live without a heart.
1 day
Virii like hepatitis actually alter your DNA. Once you have hepatitis, you have it for life. Virii can go through long periods of dormancy where they don't cause harm to internal organs, but can suddenly "switch on" and in the case of hepatitis cause severe damage to your liver. If you think you have been exposed to Hep C it's important to get checked out and then get on a life long treatment regimen.
for years in soil and other surfaces.
24 hours