A German type VII U-boat could stay submerged for about 24 hours before it had to resurface to replenish its air supply. This air supply could be extended somewhat by limiting activities of the crew while submerged. The type IX could stay submerged for 11 days. The snorkel in 1943 allowed German subs to stay submerged and refresh air. All other US/UK/Jap etc subs could stay down 2 days before having to vent for fresh air and recharge batteries.
Nuclear Submarines can stay almost indefently for them it is a question of Stores (food). Diesel Submarines are really not designed for under ice operations. AIP Subs can stay submerged for prolonged periods depending on the amount of Liquid Oxygen it has.
Many months! The biggest limitation is the amount of food they can carry for the crew. The actual limits are classified. Submarines can produce their own air and water and with nuclear power they could stay submerged indefinitely. The limiting factor is the amount of storage space (there is not much) on a sub for food and the the size of the crew onboard that consumes it. The larger SSGN's can stay submerged longer than the SSN's because they have more storage space.
24 hours
24 hours
Nuclear subs get their power from a nuclear reactor inside the sub. The reactor heats the water that produces enough steam to drive the turbines, that spins the generators, that produce electricity, that powers the motors, that drive the boat. The generators also power all other equipment that supply all the needs of the crew and the on-board systems. Nuclear subs do not need oxygen to supply the engine and can therefore stay submerged for months on end, and supply all the oxygen necessary for the crew as well as desalinated water. Were it not for food, nuclear submarines could stay submerged indefinitely.
Just long enough to be fully submerged - one to three seconds
No
For modern nuclear subs, they could theoretically stay under indefinitely. Of course, there's a crew which has to eat and bathe, and food and toiletries do eventually run out.
At Pearl Harbor, the Japanese used the HA-19 (type A) which had a complement of two crewmen; was 78 feet long, 6 feet wide, and a draft of 6 feet. It was armed with two torpedo tubes, which fired a 45cm type 97 torpedo. It was powered by a one shaft electrical motor which could move it at 23 knots at the surface, and 19 knots submerged. While submerged at 2mph, it had a range of approximately 100 miles. Mini subs (Midget Subs) had to be carried by mother submarines. I Boats, such as I-24, carried some of the attacking Mini-Submarines to their pre-attack areas for the Pearl Harbor assault on 07 December 1941.
Hippos are born under water, they can stay submerged for extended periods.
It will survive almost instantly though how long it remains in this state is largely a question of phylum and the liquid the vegetation is submerged in.