Most IUDs currently on the market last five years and should be removed at that time. Some used to claim to last much longer, up to ten years, but are no longer available.
If your IUD has reached the end of its useful life, you need to use an alternative method immediately if you don't want to get pregnant.
If you leave the copper IUD in too long, there are no potential health problems. If you leave a hormonal IUD like Mirena in too long, you may not be protected against pregnancy, but there are no other risks.
IUDs do not cause PID. There are no health risks from leaving an IUD in place after its useful life, other than possible pregnancy in the case of a hormonal IUD.
Pregnancy can occur the first time ovulation occurs after an IUD implant has expired.
If you leave the copper IUD in too long, there are no potential health problems. If you leave a hormonal IUD like Mirena in too long, you may not be protected against pregnancy, but there are no other risks.
Yes, you can be pregnant if you had sex in the days just before the IUD was removed if it was a hormonal IUD like Liletta, Mirena, or Skyla. Consider using the morning after pill if you had sex in the last five days. If you do not want to get pregnant, start another method of pregnancy prevention as soon as possible.
There is no need to remove the IUD before (or after) having your tubes tied. Leaving it in will ensure continuous protection.
Fertility returns to your baseline after removal of the IUD. Whether it's easy to get pregnant after removal depends on your fertility, not the IUD.
The strings on an IUD are very long when it is removed from the package. After insertion of the IUD, a health care provider typically trims the strings so that they're about 3-4 cm long measuring from the opening of the cervix.
An IUD can be left in for years without causing problems. A hormonal IUD will lose effectiveness, though.
When the IUD is in normally, you don't feel it during your normal activities. It's good to check the string once a month or so by inserting a finger in your vagina and making sure the string feels just about as long as it was last month.
You should be able to safely remove it whenever you want. There are some that last up to 5 years, but that doesn't necessarily mean that you can't remove it for that long. The point of an IUD is that you can have safe, non-permanent contraception for as long as you choose.