The answer is more complex than your question implies. Mass to orbit, propellants, location of launch, and motor specifications would all be necessary to calculate motor quantities.
gravity
The velocity a rocket must reach to establish an orbit in space is called orbital velocity. It depends on the altitude of the desired orbit and the mass of the body being orbited. In general, orbital velocity is around 28,000 km/h for low Earth orbit.
The rocket needs to go sideways to reach orbit. By moving sideways fast enough, the rocket can overcome the force of gravity pulling it back towards Earth. This sideways velocity allows the rocket to enter a stable orbit around Earth.
If you mean the first to reach space, they say that a V2 German rocket reached Low-earth-orbit during testing in 1942.
Gravity will pull it down before the rocket can reach the height where clouds form.
That totally depends on the weight of the rocket, but most manned rockets take about 8 1/2 minutes to reach orbit.
The space shuttle took about 8.5 minutes to reach orbit after launch. The first stage of the rocket engines provided most of the thrust for the initial portion of the ascent, and the solid rocket boosters provided additional thrust for the first two minutes of flight.
The space shuttle takes 8 minutes to reach orbit.
The velocity a rocket must reach to establish an orbit around the Earth is called orbital velocity. It is the speed required for an object to overcome gravitational pull and maintain a stable orbit around the planet. The orbital velocity depends on the altitude of the orbit and follows Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
It has to reach escape velocity which on Earth is 11.2 Km per second
It takes about 8-15 minutes for a rocket to reach space after launch, depending on the rocket's size and specific trajectory. Once in space, it can take several hours to travel far enough from Earth to be considered as "leaving" it.
Typically, the rocket stages that break off during launch are the boosters and any additional stages needed to reach orbit. The specific number of stages can vary depending on the rocket design and the mission requirements.