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In the US, 276,788 patents were awarded in calendar year 2012. A surprisingly detailed list is linked below.
The US Patent Office issued 99,200 total patents from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 1990, including 9 reissue patents, 6 plant patents, 194 design patents, and 98,991 utility patents.
Kia Silverbrook. Silverbrook is listed as an inventor on 3123 issued US utility patents.
It depends upon what country you're talking about and how "early" you mean. By 1899 there were over 600,000 US patents. In 1850 there were less than 8,000.
99,220, including utility patents, plant patents, design patents, and reissues.
For patents in the USA you can search at http://patft.uspto.gov/. This site has a comprehensive search engine that gives you several ways to look through the US patent database at both issued patents and patents that are still in the application process.
As of 2010, General Electric (GE) has 1,222 patents. Aside from this, they have filed 37, 268 patents in the US.
The USPTO granted a total of 247,727 patents from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011, including Reissue Patents, Plant Patents, Design Patents, and Utility Patents.
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No, not even a little. You would need a UK patent to even attempt to enforce it in the UK. Patents are only of national significance. If one has not been issued in a particular country (for any reason), then it cannot be enforced there.
US Patents are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Their home page list two search engines. One that lets you search for patents that have been issued, and one that lets you search for patents whose applications are pending. http://patft.uspto.gov/ A number of Patent related web sites provide links to Patent Offices in other countries. Try http://www.irossco.com/patentsearching.htm as one example. Please note that many individuals or companies register their patents with the USPTO in addition to multiple jurisdictions to gain "global coverage".
NyQuil doesn't have a patent on its own; instead, Procter & Gamble is party to a large number of patents for things like "antitussive pharmaceutical compositions for the peroral administration of dextromethorphan."