It's very easy to understand when you get the hand of it, here's how I remember it:
Step 1) Start with water bottle, brew in some Nether Wart to make an Awkward Potion. For step 1 i'm afraid you're going to have to remember somehow.
Step 2) Choose The Type Of Potion: Poison: Spider Eye
Swiftness: Sugar
Regeneration: Ghast Tear
Slowness: Sugar + Fermented Spider Eye
Instant Health: Glistering Melon
Instant Damage: Glistering Melon + Ferm Eye
Strength: Blaze Powder
Weakness: Blaze Powder + Ferm Eye
Fire Ress: Magma Cream
Step 3) (OPTIONAL): Enhancments: Add these at the end to increase effect:
Redstone Dust: Increased Duration
Glowstone Dust: Increased Effect
Gun Powder: Splash Potion (Throwable)
Ghast tears are used to make many potions.
Throwing potions in minecraft are called splash potions. To make any splash potions you will need to add gunpowder to it by putting it in the brewing stand, like any other ingredient for the potion.
Not including potions, there are 300 items and blocks if it isn't modded.
There are many potions you can make but you need many different materials to do so first you need to make awkward potions and then you add the fizz like fermented spider eyes magma cream and you can make potions of fire resistance potions of speed potions of regeneration potions of instant health which instantly heal you also instant damage and much more check the wiki by typing minecraft wiki in on google it's a very useful site that's about what you can make
beacons are used in minecraft for getting some potions on you and knowing where your home is on single player
Yes
Yea
Primary and Secondary Potions.
To make potions last longer, you add redstone to them.
For storing water for potions they can also be just decorations.
There are no instant kill potions in minecraft at the moment, just potion of harming, which can do 3 or 6 hearts of damage.
When you kill a Ghast you often get a "Ghast Tear" which you use to make potions.