In most green plants the stomata are only open during the day. They allow carbon dioxide to reach the cells where the majority of photosynthesis takes place. As they also allow transpiration (water loss) the stomata of most plants close during the night when photosynthesis is not possible.
There is a group of mainly desert plants known as CAM plants. These carry out a process called Crassulacean acid metabolism, which effectively allows them to store carbon dioxide in their leaves. In these plants the stomata are normally closed during the day to prevent water loss when temperatures are high, and open during the night when temperatures are lower.
stomata
CAM plants
Changes in the osmotic potential of gaurd cells make that stomata open or closed
To keep in the stored enzymes so it can keep synthesizing at night, even when there is no sunlight. -- Stomata serve two main functions - they allow carbon dioxide to reach the cells in the leaf where the majority of photosynthesis takes place and they allow water to be transpired out off the leaf. During the day, stomata are generally open to allow photosynthesis to take place as quickly as possible. At night, when the lack of light means photosynthesis can't take place, many plants close their stomata to reduce water loss. There is one group of mainly desert plants, known as CAM plants, that keep their stomata closed during the day when water loss would be greatest, and open them at night, using a biochemical method to effectively store carbon dioxide in the leaf overnight.
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At night.
At night.
They shut because with the stomata open it is too drafty and the plant can't get to sleep.
stomata
at night when there is little to no light.
At night, the leaves of C3 plants close their stomata and wait until the sunlight. For CAM plants, this is when the plants open their stomata and allow the carbon dioxide to come in.
Cam plants close during the night and open during the day because they are photosensitive and respond to light. To do it experimentally, try with a torch for some time.
CAM plants
At night, there is no light, therefore no photosynthesis (which is the process of making energy from light). Photosynthesis uses CO2, however since photosynthesis is not occurring at night, there is no need to acquire CO2.Some plants (CAM plants) only open their stomata at night, however, in order to take in CO2 and store it until it is light and they can use photosynthesis then. This helps to eliminate water loss through the stomata which would occur more rapidly if the stomata were open during a hot day. (therefore, most CAM plants are found in desserts and such)
Depending on the environment of the plant, stomata will open and close at different times. In hot, dry environments stomata will open around dusk and dawn to minimise water loss. In Wet environments stomata will open during the day as needed
Stomata are shut at night to conserve water. When there is no light, plants cannot fix carbon dioxide. Stomata are usually open to allow entrance of carbon dioxide. A side effect is that water is lost from the leaves.There is an exception to this, however. CAM plants such as cacti and succulents open the stomata at night, store carbon dioxide as acids, and close them during the day to prevent dessication from harsh desert conditions.
Opening and closing of stomata is regulated by concentration of water in guard cells. When transpiration is required, water reaches the guard cells and they swell up. This opens the stomata's pore. When they are not required to be opened, water is not present in guard cells and they shrink causing stomata's pore to close.