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Shivering uses muscles, which generate heat, which in turn increase the metabolic rate.

Shivering increases oxygen consumption by up to 5-6 times the normal rate.

Britt, L.D., Dascombe, W.H., Rodriguez, A. (1991) New horizons in management of hypothermia and frostbite injury. Contemporary Problems in Trauma Surgery, 71(2), 345-370.

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