Assuming the following:
2" wide tape
4 coats of compound: 1 base (tape adhesion) layer and 3 finish layers with each roughly the same amount or mud but spread over a progressively wider area
For area calculation purposes each layer has a center thickness of about 1/32" tapering to zero over 2" (1" of tape plus 1" feather per sheet of gyp) or the equivalent spread over a larger area.
Doing the math (might want to check it!):
You will need 6.5 to 7 gallons of compound.
If you have three layers total:
0.703 cu. ft. with (.133 cu. ft. = 1 US gallon) = 5.25 Gallons. Mathematically, you would round down, but tectonically, it's probably better to round up to six gallons...You know, in case someone trips over the bucket....or screws up the math! Good Luck.
You will need approximately 10 rolls of 500' long joint tape.
Paper drywall tape is the same both sides.
There is paper tape and fibre mesh tape.
Yes, mesh type drywall tape usually has adhesive on one side.
Common drywall taping tools can come from a regular roll of drywall tape to expensive, self measuring drywall tape. There is either self adhesive mesh tape and the paper tape variety. Paper tape is usually used for the corners of a room as it will hold better. Pyramid blades can also be used to lay the tape flat, especially in the corners.
One bucket will do for many sheets. It depends on how good the installers were and what tape you use. Mesh tape is better in my opinion,but does take more mud. - That's a small consideration for the better finish it will give.
A home handyman would need a drill, drywall tape dispenser, pole sander, sanding blocks, mudbox, drywall knives, mallet and corner cincher. In addition, one needs a shop vac to aid in clean-up.
If it's small spread mesh tape over it, then mud it. If bigger than doorknob size, put a patch of drywall into it then mesh tape and mud.
My personal preference is mesh tape, I can always get a better finish with it.
when you hang drywall, you have to tape off the seams with paper tape and "mud", then "float" the mud smooth. the drywall float is a flat metal tool on a handle that you drag across the mud to smooth it out, like when you smooth out the icing on a cake
They install drywall, sometimes tape and mud it also, although commercially that is a more specialised job.
I tape the broken vapour barrier with red 'Tuck' tape then put a wood backing in the hole and use small pieces of drywall to patch.