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how polarization of light can be demonstrated on a parallel arrangement of crystal explain
There are 3240 arrangements.
40,320
A birefringence is a splitting of a ray of light into two parallel rays of perpendicular polarization by passage through an optically anistropic medium.
The vibration of the electric field in radiation is perpendicular to the direction of the wave. This provides 360 degrees of for the vibration to occur in. Polarization is the angle of the 360 degrees that vibration occurs at. If the ligth is coming at yu like the face of a clock, the angle could be at 3:00, 6:00 or 9:00 or any angle. Some crystals rotate the angle of polarization, that is light goes in at 3:00 and comes out at 5:00. Normally reflection by a surface will absorb polarization not parallel to the surface, leaving the wve polarized parallel to the surface.
Zero.
parallel lighting (alternate routing)
It centered of course around the 38th parallel as the division lie or border negotiated thru interminal cease fires and negotiating.
Yes. A ray of light striking a mirror leaves at a the same angle to the surface as it hits, but as measured from the opposite side of the surface. As measured from the original side, the exit angle is complementary (180 degrees minus the incident angle). For perpendicular rays, the light leaves perpendicularly, back in the direction it came from (180-90=90).
If they were not actually parallel then they would not be parallel lines!
parallel
If L1 is parallel to L2 and L2 is parallel to L3 then L1 is parallel to L3.