How the first vaccine was made?

Answer 1

Vaccines are made in several ways. However, all vaccines have the same general goal: weaken the virus or bacteria in a way that allows the recipient to develop an immune response without developing any symptoms of infection. Vaccines are made using the same components that are found in the natural virus or bacteria.

Vaccines are made of small amount of the bacteria, virus or other antigen and administered to stimulate the immune system to create antibodies to prevent future infections with the disease.

Viruses grows in primary cells, or on continuous cell lines

Answer 2

You would have thought that vaccines are made of antibodies that fight against the disease that is supposed to. But the real fact is that the vaccine contains a modified type of the disease causing organism!When an infectious organism enters our body,the nature of our body is to create antibodies against the organism.In certain diseases like chicken pox,etc. when the body is affected,the antibodies created as a reaction are not enoughto suppress the disease.Hence a less harmless type of the disease is given to the body so that it creates antibodies.So when the disease comes the antibodies already in the body suppress the disease.
Basically there are two types, live cell and dead cell. The body will generated antibodies due to the presence of the dead cells or the live cells, thus preventing the disease. The cells may be different from the cells that cause the disease. For example cox pox antibodies attack small pox cells.

You would have thought that vaccines are made of antibodies that fight against the disease that is supposed to. But the real fact is that the vaccine contains a modified type of the disease causing organism!When an infectious organism enters our body,the nature of our body is to create antibodies against the organism.In certain diseases like chicken pox,etc. when the body is affected,the antibodies created as a reaction are not enoughto suppress the disease.Hence a less harmless type of the disease is given to the body so that it creates antibodies.So when the disease comes the antibodies already in the body suppress the disease.

Answer 3

A short answer:

The vaccines are made by isolating and growing culture samples of the organism causing the disease. The laboratory uses a medium to grow the organisms. Then the pathogens are weakened (attenuated) by chemicals, or they are totally inactivated, or only pieces of them are used so that they can not make you ill anymore but will still provoke an immune response. These are then put into a purified solution that can be administered, and preservatives are added to make them last and safe to use after storage. Finally, they are tested and packaged into syringes or vials for inspection and testing by the approval authorities (such as the Food and Drug Administration - FDA - in the US). Once approved for use, the vaccines are distributed to the locations or providers who can administer the vaccines to patients.

A bit longer answer:

The process is similar, but slightly different, between viral vaccine production and bacterial vaccine production. As an example of how vaccines are made, here is an explanation of how the Swine Flu (H1N1/09) vaccine was made in 2009:

First, seed stock of the specific virus strain, for which the vaccine was made to provide immunity, was selected, collected and grown so that there would be parts of it to put in the vaccine. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), along with scientists and epidemiologists, examined the viruses that were isolated from patients and selected specific strains of it for testing to see how easily they could be "grown" or cultured. This needed to be an easy and quickly grown virus strain to produce the vaccine as soon as possible for the new virus during the swine flu pandemic.

Once the stock of the virus that matched well to the types spreading in the pandemic was selected, it was distributed to drug vaccine manufacturers to begin the development and production.

The drug companies used chicken eggs as a culture medium and "grew" the virus. Then they harvested portions to use in the vaccines and purified them to remove as much egg protein and potential contaminants as possible.

The viruses were then either severely weakened with heat or chemicals (or other methods), so they would be unable to cause infections anymore in the case of live attenuated/weakened vaccines (LAIV), or they would be completely "killed" to use in the inactivated "dead" vaccines.

In the US, adjuvants, which help increase the rapid production of the vaccines, were not being used for this vaccine. Vaccines in other parts of the world were produced with adjuvants.

The viruses were then combined with the other ingredients that may or may not include preservatives, along with stabilizers (Gelatin sometimes), and liquid such as saline to be the medium to contain the vaccine for administration.

Trials were conducted before the vaccine was presented for approval from the regulating agencies (in the US, the Food and Drug Administration - FDA). The vaccine was then packaged for distribution.

See the related questions for what ingredients are in the swine flu vaccines as examples of commonly used materials in the manufacturing process.
Vaccinations are very weak strains of diseases that you put in your body which can easily be handled by your immune system. This is done so that you can develop sufficient white blood cells to fight of the infections disease when it comes to you in full strength.

Answer 4

I'm guessing same as today, weakened or dead viruses were put into a vaccine and voila.

Answer 5

it not off as in turn off the lights it of.(: