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How was the black whole discovered?

Updated: 9/26/2023
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7y ago

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The idea of black holes was first proposed mathematically long before we found the first physical evidence of their existence.

The earliest notion of a black hole was proposed in by John Michell in 1783 by John Michell who reasoned, based on Newtonian mechanics, that a star with an escape velocity grater than the speed of light may appear dark. The concept of a black hole based in general relativity, which is how we currently understand them, was proposed in 1916 by Karl Schwarzschild, but even then the idea was though of as a mere mathematical curiosity. Work done in the 1930s suggested that some stars may indeed collapse into black holes.

The first likely black hole to be found was found in the Cygnus X-1 system, a binary system. The blue star in the system is pulled by the gravity of a very massive but compact object that emits extremely intense X-rays. Based on estimates of its size and mass, the only likely explanation is that the X_ray source is a black hole. The X-rays form as the black hole pulls in gas from the star. That gas becomes extremely hot as its spirals toward the black hole and emits powerful X-rays.

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