Use the following:
PS1='$PWD : '
Use the shell variable PS1 to set the command prompt to whatever you need.
The usual indication of running as the administrator in Unix is show a prompt that contains the '#' character as either the prompt or part of the prompt.
The prompt is an indication that the system is waiting for work to do, i.e. waiting for you type in a command.
CD /
If you logged in from a terminal, simply press Ctrl-D to return to the login prompt. Note: not all environments will take a Ctrl-D to return to the login prompt. In that case, type exit to exit out of your current login environment.
You really can't. There is nothing in a prompt that would give that information.
dollar sign ($)
Depends on what you mean by a "job". You can compile a program.
Most people set up their shell to give them an indication in the command prompt. But this isn't "built in" (the mechanism for doing so is built in to most shells, but you can use the same mechanism to change the prompt to pretty much anything you want).The command pwd on a Unix system should tell you "where you are".
A Unix shell can be obtained in Cygwin, a Unix compatibility layer used to compile Unix programs and run them on Windows. Microsoft also makes a shell known as "Windows PowerShell" which incorporates more Unix-like features than the standard command prompt.
The command CLS clears the screen and resets the location of the command prompt to the top of the screen. This is similar to the Unix command clear.
In Windows and Unix-based and Unix-like systems, the command is mkdir (however in Windows a shortcut md can be used as well).