no it does not include the atmosphere
Airplanes use air for lift and for thrust. If there's no atmosphere, they can't fly. Even a jet engine needs to burn and compress air.
what is most of the air in the atmosphere made up of
Yes
Hot air balloons float because hot air displaces cool air in the atmosphere
Sodium, Potassium, and Phosphorus all burn upon contact with air.
This is a badly worded question, I believe "burning" requires the oxygen in air. Substances such as Phosphorus react with air to burn, and may continue this reaction when submerged. But I do not believe this is what you mean
Phosphorus is not a component of the atmosphere.
no it does not include the atmosphere
White phosphorus is very flammable.
phosphorus is not cycled through the earth's atmosphere
Carbon affects the atmosphere when humans burn fossil fuels into the air and other chemicals
Yes.
Phosphorus. "Unlike many other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus, because phosphorus and phosphorus-based compounds are usually solids at the typical ranges of temperature and pressure found on Earth." - However, phosphorus WILL cycle through organisms and water. Water does (evaporation and precipitation both include the atmosphere). Carbon does (carbon dioxide is the third most common substance in the atmosphere). Nitrogen does (nitrogen makes up most of the atmosphere; Nitrogen-fixers depend on this fact).
Red phosphorus burn at approx. 200 0C.
phosphorus
Potassium is a soft metal which reacts violently (spontaniously combusts) with both water and oxygen, so both must be excluded, by storing it in paraffin or kerosene. Phosphorus is a non metal .White phosphorous is kept under water because it reacts with oxygen but not water. Red phosphorus (the allotropic form P4, which occurs when white phosphorus is heated above 275`C) is more inert and does not need to be kept in water to exclude air.