Direction with respect to the nucleus
Quantum Mechanics has changed the thinking of where is an electron since the days of classical electron theory. In the classical theory, we think of an electron as a particle that orbits about the nucleus like the moon orbiting the earth. The lowest orbit has two electrons (1s2), the next orbit has eight (2s2 + 2p6), etc. Now, it is general agreed that we can only speak of probability -- the probability of finding an electron at a particular location. The Noble laureate, Richard Feynman, coined the term "electron cloud" to describe the distribution of the probability function. Perhaps, the question of finding the position of the electron in an atom becomes the question of finding the distance from the nucleus with the highest probability of finding a specific orbital electron. I have included two related links for further reading. The subject is too complex to be covered with one posting -- it takes a few college courses, at least. =============================
Electron Cloud
Regions where the probability of finding an electron is high.
Boundary surface diagrams is are useful to show the probability of finding an electron in 3d.It will only show
The boundary of an electron cloud represents the region where there is a high probability of finding an electron. It helps define the size and shape of the atom or molecule, influencing its chemical properties and interactions with other atoms. The boundary also signifies the extent of the electron's influence on the surrounding environment.
It would not depend on the direction with respect to the nucleus. The direction of the electron has no effect on the distance of the electron from the nucleus.
The electron cloud is least dense where the probability of finding an electron is low. This typically occurs further away from the nucleus of an atom, where electron density is sparse.
The electron cloud. The atomic radius roughly describes the distance from the nucleus to the electron cloud.
To the extent that I can make any sense of the question: Yes, the probability function for an s orbital is spherically symmetric and dependent on radial distance only.
They are the probability of finding the electrons.
Quantum Mechanics has changed the thinking of where is an electron since the days of classical electron theory. In the classical theory, we think of an electron as a particle that orbits about the nucleus like the moon orbiting the earth. The lowest orbit has two electrons (1s2), the next orbit has eight (2s2 + 2p6), etc. Now, it is general agreed that we can only speak of probability -- the probability of finding an electron at a particular location. The Noble laureate, Richard Feynman, coined the term "electron cloud" to describe the distribution of the probability function. Perhaps, the question of finding the position of the electron in an atom becomes the question of finding the distance from the nucleus with the highest probability of finding a specific orbital electron. I have included two related links for further reading. The subject is too complex to be covered with one posting -- it takes a few college courses, at least. =============================
I got no idea
The region of zero electron density is called a "node."
atomic orbital
atomic orbital
It is usually a physicist.
These are sometimes called 'electron clouds'.