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Bacteria is just a vessel. The insulin gene is originally from the human body. The particular strand is first isolated by cutting them out using Restriction Enzyme. Then we use DNA Ligase to find a similar site in the bacteria's DNA, we insert the Insulin gene, then back into the bacteria.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 15y agoUmmm, I don't know exactly, but I can definetly tell you that it was not beore 1920.Because they discovered insulin and its mechanics between 1920 and 1922. The guy who discovered it is Frederick Banting. He and some other guy called Macleod won the Nobel-prize for it. Hope this helps.
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoFollowing are general steps to produce insulin from bacteria
Step 1: Gene Isolation
Searching through the entire Human Genome for the insulin gene would take a very long time. It is much easier to begin with the mRNA from the cells that normally produce insulin, the beta-cells in the pancreas. The mRNA is then transformed to cDNA through the use of reverse transcriptase resulting in a DNA copy of the insulin gene.
Step 2: Creation of a Plasmid Vector
Plasmids are circular segments of DNA, found in both bacteria and yeast, which are independent of the chromosomes and capable of replication. Restriction enzymes (for example Restriction Endonuclease) are used to cut across the two strands of DNA and leave loose ends to which the cDNA can be attached. Special linking DNA sequences are added to connect the plasmid DNA with the human insulin cDNA. Ligation enzymes (for example DNA Ligase) are used to seal the plasmid (this is called annealing) which now includes the cDNA sequence. The plasmid is now able to be inserted into a bacterial host.
Step 3: Cloning the Gene
The plasmid enters a bacterium and reproduces itself, yielding up to dozens of copies. When the bacterial cell divides, the plasmids are split between the two daughter cells. These daughter cells then produce more plasmids which are then passed on to their daughter cells, etc. With cells dividing as fast as every 20 minutes, a bacterium containing human cDNA encoding insulin will, in a relatively short time, produce many millions of similar cells (clones) containing the same human gene.
Step 4: Production of Insulin
The bacteria are then grown under conditions that will lead to optimal insulin production. The insulin is then collected, isolated, and purified. In actuality, this process produces a precursor of insulin (proinsulin) and not insulin itself. It is therefore necessary to use enzymes to cleave the proinsulin protein at specific points to leave behind human insulin.
For a basic description see the related links for a powerpoint.
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∙ 15y agoyep
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A substance produced by genetically-engineered bacteria is?
Insulin - The Dude That's Friends With THE DUDE
Human insulin is produced in large quantities by?
recombinant E. coli bacteria grown in large fermentation vats
Which statement best describes human insulin that is produced by by genetically engineered bacteria?
Genetically engineered insulin may have fewer side effects than the insulin previously extracted from the pancreases of other animals. This is because genetic engineering inserts human genes such as the gene for insulin production into the DNA of bacteria. As a result, the bacteria that produces human insulin, when used by diabetics, should produce fewer side effects.
When insulin was being commercially produced in genetically engineered bacteria and yeast it was obtained from the pancreas of what?
C)Pigs and cows
How can a large volume of protein e.g. insulin be produced from a single bacterium?
The gene for insulin can be inserted into the bacterial chromosome. The bacteria is then left to multiply normally, which thus produces many copies of the gene and lots of insulin. This is how they produce the insulin used by people who have diabetes.
Most of the insulin manufactured today is produced by .?
transformed bacteria
How can insulin be produced?
One way insulin can be produced is by injecting genetically engineered bacteria into your bloodstream. The insulin will multiply and each one will produce insulin. This is only helpful in fighting on kind of diabetes.
Why do transgenic bacteria that have the gene for human insulin produce insulin produce in great abundance?
bacteria reproduce quickly. The more transgenic bacteria there are, the more insulin is produced. (I am taking an online Biology course and this question was asked, and this was the answer the online class gave me)
A substance produced by genetically-engineered bacteria is?
Insulin - The Dude That's Friends With THE DUDE
Human insulin is produced in large quantities by?
recombinant E. coli bacteria grown in large fermentation vats
Which statement best describes human insulin that is produced by by genetically engineered bacteria?
Genetically engineered insulin may have fewer side effects than the insulin previously extracted from the pancreases of other animals. This is because genetic engineering inserts human genes such as the gene for insulin production into the DNA of bacteria. As a result, the bacteria that produces human insulin, when used by diabetics, should produce fewer side effects.
When insulin was being commercially produced in genetically engineered bacteria and yeast it was obtained from the pancreas of what?
C)Pigs and cows
How can a large volume of protein e.g. insulin be produced from a single bacterium?
The gene for insulin can be inserted into the bacterial chromosome. The bacteria is then left to multiply normally, which thus produces many copies of the gene and lots of insulin. This is how they produce the insulin used by people who have diabetes.
Why do transgenic bacteria that have the gene for human insulin produce insulin in great abundance?
It is the easiest way for this protein to be produced. The DNA encoding human insulin can be put under the control of a constituitively active promoter and transfected into bacteria, which then produce the protein with their cellular machinery.
Where did Best and Banting get the Insulin from?
Some body invented Insulin. I don't exacly remember who but you can look it up on Google. Sorry this isn't very helpful.
What type of bacteria is in insulin?
Well, the insulin a diabetic gets does not contain any bacteria. It is sterile. However, the insulin is made by bacteria, usually E. coli. Hope this helps! Some Stuff about the E.Coli Bacteria: • • The Bacteria E.coli used to produce insulin for those with diabetes • It's Inexpensive - compared with 1980 methods(extracting insulin from pigs etc.) • Large quantities of the modified bacteria are killed and insulin is extracted and purified. •The Bacteria E.coli used to produce insulin for those with diabetes
How are bacteria used to treat people with diabetes?
bacteria itself is not the treatment. we use the bacteria to produce insulin, we do so by inserting the gene into their plasmids and trigger them to produce the insulin. the insulin is extracted and used.
