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Is it possible to attain an efficiency of 100 percent in heat engines.explain?
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
A heat engine operating between 2 temperatures, Thot, the heat source, and Tcold, the heat sink, can be 100% efficient only when Tcold is absolute zero.
Carnot worked out the equation to determine the best possible efficiency of a heat engine designed to produce mechanical energy ("Work") from heat energy:
Wout = (Heat Energy in at Thot) x (Thot - Tcold)/(Thot)
Note that (Thot - Tcold)/(Thot) is 1 only if Tcold is zero. In every other case, the ratio is less than 1.
The amount of heat energy discharged to the heat sink at Tcold is:
(Heat Energy in at Thot) - Wout.
(You can work this out from the equation. It reflects the law of conservation of energy. )
This just means that all the heat energy absorbed by the heat engine is converted into either mechanical energy or heat energy at a lower temperature. No energy is lost and no extra energy is created.
"Efficiency" according to Carnot's equation tells us the best possible ratio between these two energy outputs that nature allows a heat engine to achieve.
You can think of a heat engine as a device that splits an amount of heat energy at some high temperature into mechanical energy and heat energy at some lower temperature.
Kind Regards,
Colin Dunstan
Author: "cyclic heat to work conversion systems"
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 9y agoIt is not.
1) The Carnot efficiency, 1 - Tc/Th, with Tc being the colder temperature and Th the hotter temperature (in Kelvin), gives a theoretical maximum for the efficiency of a heat engine. This efficiency is always less than 1 (that is, less than 100%).
2) Due to different real-life losses, real heat engines don't even achieve the theoretical Carnot efficiency.
Wiki User
∙ 12y agoThe ideal reversible heat engine would follow or be equivalent to the Carnot cycle - but even that cycle is not 100% efficient - a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics.
Wiki User
∙ 12y agoA heat engine of 100 percent efficiency violates the second law of thermodynamics and is impossible even in theory.
Wiki User
∙ 13y agoYes. If all of the effects and factors that prevent 100% efficiency are ignored,
then the efficiency is 100% .
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