The light above the ark in a synagogue is called the "ner tamid," which translates to "eternal light." It symbolizes the divine presence of God and is kept lit continuously, reflecting the idea of God's everlasting nature. The ner tamid is typically positioned above the Ark of the Covenant, where the Torah scrolls are housed, serving as a reminder of the sacredness of the Torah and the continuous connection between the community and the divine.
the ark, eternal light and other
We don't know where the ark is and it has never been in a synagogue. It had been in the temple in a room called the Holy of Holies.
It is called Ner Tah-mid
ARK
Assuming the questioner is asking where the 10 Statements are located in a synagogue, the answer is that if a synagogue has the 10 Statements on display, they are usually located on or above the ark containing the Torahs at the front of the prayer sanctuary.
Above the ark there is a light which shines on the ark. The light also shows that God is in the room.
The ark is known as the Aron Kodesh (ארון קודש) and it contains the synagogue's Torah scrolls.
A typical synagogue contains an ark (where the scrolls of the Law are kept), an “eternal light” burning before the ark, two candelabra, pews, and a raised platform (bimah), from which scriptural passages are read and from which, often, services are conducted.
There is no single phrase. It depends on the synagogue. In my synagogue, it's the sentence that translates as "Consider before whom you stand." It's a piece of advice from the section of the Mishnah that contains brief quotes and points to ponder from great Judaic sages of the past; the book is subtitled "pir-KAY ah-VOT", or "Ethics of the Fathers".
The Holy Ark is the place where the Torah scrolls are kept.
It is where the Torah scroll is kept.
The Holy Ark in a synagogue may have any appropriate Hebrew quote above it; or it may have none. There's no specific requirement. If there is a particular ark's quotation that you wish for someone on this site to translate, please submit a separate question asking what that phrase (identifying it) means.