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Mantle rock, usually fed by subducting crusts at destructive plate boundaries, melt under the heat, creating magma (or igneous melt). This magma is usually less dense than the surrounding (country) rock and so rises to or near the surface, forming igneous rocks in two ways:

1) The rock does not reach the surface, but cools and crystallises inside the Earth, creating INTRUSIVE igneous rocks. These usually have large crystals as they cool more slowly due to the hot surrounding temperatures.

2) The rock reaches the surface via volcanic or fissure eruptions as lava, and cools and crystallises very quickly on the earth's surface forming EXTRUSIVE igneous rocks. These have fine crystals due to the quick cooling time and colder surrounding temperatures.

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Idell Dietrich

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3y ago

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