In isolation, there are 3 that look a bit like four balloons tied together at the tied-ends, each in different orientations and one that looks like two balloons tied together with a doughnut around the tied ends. Combining these make shapes as you would expect the analogy above to make.
sp orbitals are linear in shape while d orbitals have a cloverleaf (dumbbell with ring) shape.
S Orbital-Spherical
P Orbital-Dumbell Shaped
A 2s orbital has 2 regions of high electron density separated by a spherical node. An s orbital has a spherical shape.
An s orbital is spherical. A p orbital is one of three mutually orthogonal shapes that sum to a spherical distribution. The simplest expression of this is a sort of "dumbbell" shape.
the s orbital is lower in energy than the p orbital
The angular momentum number shows the shape of the electron cloud or the orbital. The magnetic quantum number, on the other hand, determines the number of orbitals and their orientation within a subshell.
The energy level closest to the nucleus is the 1s orbital and can hold 2 electrons as do all s orbitals. Every electron orbital has a distinct shape and number. The 1s orbital has the same shape the 2s orbital and the 3s orbital and so forth. There are other orbital shapes such as p, d, and f. Regardless of the number or level of the orbital, all p orbitals are the same shape and all d orbitals are the same shape. Orbitals differ in distance from the nucleus and the distance is indicated by the number before the orbital shape.
The 1s is a sphere, crossing all axis of course. all the s orbitals are a sphere. p orbital are opposile nodes on the x, the y, and the z axis.
s orbitals are spherical, so there cannot be any angle 'between' an s orbital and a p orbital. However, each lobe of a p orbital is perpendicular (90 degrees in all directions) to the surface of an s orbital.
The probability density cloud for the orbitals are:* s-orbitals are shaped like spheres. * The three p-orbitals have the form of dumbbells. The three p-orbitals ina shell each are oriented at right angles to each other * Four of the five d-orbitals are four pear-shaped balls. The fifth is a torus. * Thee seven f-orbitals can best be described as "complex"
the s orbital is lower in energy than the p orbital
The s orbital fills before the p orbital because it has lower energy, and is more stable.
The angular momentum number shows the shape of the electron cloud or the orbital. The magnetic quantum number, on the other hand, determines the number of orbitals and their orientation within a subshell.
spherical
dumb bell shape
The energy level closest to the nucleus is the 1s orbital and can hold 2 electrons as do all s orbitals. Every electron orbital has a distinct shape and number. The 1s orbital has the same shape the 2s orbital and the 3s orbital and so forth. There are other orbital shapes such as p, d, and f. Regardless of the number or level of the orbital, all p orbitals are the same shape and all d orbitals are the same shape. Orbitals differ in distance from the nucleus and the distance is indicated by the number before the orbital shape.
s-orbital more affinity to electrons than p when 'empty'
It is true only for s-orbital which is spherical in shape. p-, f- and d- orbitals are not spherical in shape.
The s orbital is lower in energy than the porbital.
The 1s is a sphere, crossing all axis of course. all the s orbitals are a sphere. p orbital are opposile nodes on the x, the y, and the z axis.
s orbitals are spherical, so there cannot be any angle 'between' an s orbital and a p orbital. However, each lobe of a p orbital is perpendicular (90 degrees in all directions) to the surface of an s orbital.