Signs and symptoms of Hypovolemia

Answer 1

clinical sign of shock include a decrease in blood pressure, increased heart rate, pale and clammy skin, patient will be cold, possible dizziness and possible disorientation. All related to a decrease in blood to the vital organs. Elevating the legs is done increase the blood flow to the head and heart.
Dilated pupils

Answer 2

Mild hypovlemia - diaphoresis, anxiety, increased capillary refill time and cold extremities Moderate hypovolemia - as above plus increased heart rate and respiration rate and decreased urine output Severe hypovolemia - as for moderate hypovolemia, plus hemodynamic instability, hypotension, and altered mental status , including coma.

Answer 3

Hypovolemia is a decrease in the volume of blood plasma in the body. Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia are similar to those of shock, such as dizziness, nausea, excessive thirst and a rapid heartbeat.

Answer 4

edma, distended neck veins, crackles in lung, tachycardia, increase B/P, pulse pressure, & central venous pressure, increase wt, increase urine output, SOB & wheezing

Hypervolemic shock is not a commonly used term. Any pt with shock can become hypervolemic (CVP>8 mmHg), secondary to massive fluid resuscitation, and continue to be in shock, indicating a worsened shock state (septic shock, severe cases of distributive shock); however, hypervolemic shock implies cardiogenic shock, where there is "pump failure," severe enough to affect organ systems. Shock, by definition, is tissue hypoxia secondary to inadequate tissue perfusion, and therefore, if the term "hypervolemic shock" is used, by definition there need to be two components: heart failure and end-organ damage. Depending on the type of heart failure (diastolic vs systolic), symptomatology will vary, however, pts often have components of both pathologic states i.e.,pulmonary edema, hepatic congestion, venous congestion, increased CVP. If these patients are in shock, there has to be end-organ dysfunction, such as hypotension, myocardial injury, anuria/oliguria (decreased urine production), neurological deficits (2/2 hypoperfusion); and will have increased lactate.

Therefore, pts with "hypervolemic shock" or cardiogenic shock, will have symptoms consistent with heart failure (dyspnea, orthopnea, edema, weight gain); signs consistent with heart failure (CVP>8mmhg, pulmonary edema, hepatic congestion, ascities); and evidence of end-organ damage: myocardial injury, hypotension, renal ischemia (anuria/oliguria), cerebral hypoperfusion (neurologic deficits), and the key marker: increased lactate.

In contrast, pts with shock may develop hypervolemia (not including cardiogenic) secondary to large volume resuscitation. Symptoms are dependent on the primary etiology for shock; signs of hypervolemia will only consist of elevated CVP >8mmHg, however, in some cases of inflammatory etiology, vascular permeability may cause anasarca (as opposed to only lower extremity edema seen in cardiogenic shock). These patients will continue to have evidence of end-organ damage (shock), and often require secondary therapeutics to improve tissue hypoxia (vasoactive medications, such as epineprhine, dopamine, vasopressin, etc.) Improvement results from treating the underlying etiology (sepsis, neurogenic, anaphylaxis).

Answer 5

What are the signs and symptoms of hypervolemia?

Answer 6

Edema,