There are actually five planets that can be seen from Earth. They are Venus, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mercury. Sometimes they are visible to the human eye but sometimes binoculars are needed.
This question needs refining as there is no 'type' of light.
Light is an electromagnetic wave which is defined by its wavelength or frequency. As you increase the wavelength the frequency decreases and vice versa.
A high wavelength/low frequency refers to light which can be described as infrared, microwave and radio (with increasing wavelength).
A low wavelength/high frequency refers to light which can be described as ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray.
In between the high and low end of wavelength is visible light which forms the colours that the human eye can see, you can think of this as medium wavelength and medium frequency.
All of these 'types of light' are visible from Earth. Whether from decaying radiation, a heat source or a colourful painting.
If this light originates from outer space then most of it is absorbed or reflected by Earth's atmosphere, but not all of it. This is how ground based infra-red telescopes work.
In conclusion, all forms of light are visible form Earth as even the ozone layer isn't 100% impenetrable.
Mercury, Venus, Mars and Saturn can be seen with the naked eye.
They reflect light from the Sun.
They reflect the Suns light back to Earth
The constellations of the zodiac fall on the plane of the ecliptic (the plane in which the Earth orbits the Sun) and all the Sun's planets orbit also in the plane of the ecliptic. This means that ALL the planets eventually move through ALL the zodiacal constellations (as seen from Earth). It also therefore follows that the planets are never seen in the non zodiacal constellations.
Venus has phases that can be seen from Earth. See related link for a pictorial.
Every now and then
Earth
They reflect light from the Sun.
They reflect the Suns light back to Earth
There are 2 planets closer to the Sun from the Earth
The constellations of the zodiac fall on the plane of the ecliptic (the plane in which the Earth orbits the Sun) and all the Sun's planets orbit also in the plane of the ecliptic. This means that ALL the planets eventually move through ALL the zodiacal constellations (as seen from Earth). It also therefore follows that the planets are never seen in the non zodiacal constellations.
The part of the Moon which receives......can be seen from the Earth.
no planets crust does not have light of their own but the core of the earth has light of its own
Venus has phases that can be seen from Earth. See related link for a pictorial.
None. The moon is closer than the other planets, so it will obstruct other planets.
Venus and Mercury
we can see 6 planets mercury venus mars jupiter saturn
Inner planets orbit inside the orbit of the Earth, can only be seen in the morning or evening sky and are never seen as full disks form the Earth. Outer planets orbit further out than the orbit of Earth and can be seen from time to time as full disks in 'opposition' or overhead at midnight.