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Apollo 1: Astronauts burned to death on the pad during a communications test. The fire was due to numerous mechanical and engineering flaws, including the mistake of conducting the test with a pressurized atmosphere of 100% oxygen inside the space capsule.

Apollo 13: Atmospheric system suffered a catastrophic failure on route to the Moon. The spacecraft and crew survived, and made it back to Earth.

Deep Space 2 and 3: Mars probe sent to orbit the planet and land a rover on the south pole icecap. Due to a metric conversion error in the program code, the orbiter missed the planet and drifted out into deep space; while the rover crashed into the icecap, having never deployed its parachute.

Space Shuttle Challenger: Due to a mechanical flaw, the shuttle exploded just after takeoff. The orbiter was blown to pieces, and crashed into the ocean. At least 3/8 of the crew survived the explosion, and later drowned in the ocean. All hands were lost.

Space Shuttle Columbia: Broke up during reentry, after the wing was damaged during the launch. The damage was due to an engineering flaw in the space shuttle system, which was never dealt with in the 30 years of the shuttle program.

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Q: What NASA missions have ended in failures?
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