NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers deals with them, among others.
NFPA 1 National Fire Code tells you how many of each type of extinguisher you generally need. Other specific standards refer to specific types of hazards.
NFPA Standard 1961
NFPA 10
NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
NFPA 10
There is no NFPA requirement to have a fire extinguisher in a one- or two-family residence.
You periodically check a fire extinguisher to ensure it will be ready and functional if you need it.
NFPA 412 Standard for Evaluating Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Foam Equipment NFPA 414 Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles NFPA 403 Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Services at Airports NFPA 402 Guide for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Operations among others
No, NFPA National Fire Code does not require any fire extinguishers in any one- or two- family dwellings, although there is certainly no reason not to have one or more.
NFPA 1033: Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator
Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting
In the US, fire extinguishers are listed under NFPA 10, which specifies annual maintenance.
There are several NFPA standards that reference fire hydrant requirements, for various parameters, including NFPA 1 Fire Code and NFPA 101 Life Safety Code. You may also be interested in NFPA 291 Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants NFPA 25 Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems or NFPA 1142 Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting
NFPA 1031 addresses the professional performance levels and qualifications for fire inspectors and plans examiners.
The standard colour of fire extinguishers in the United Kingdom is a signal red body with another colour banding depending on the kind of fire extinguisher.