presentation layer is used
presentation
In computing, the presentation layer standardizes data formats between systems. It functions to format the input information to the application for either further processing or display.
Presentation
Format and code conversion services typically operate at the presentation layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. The presentation layer is the sixth layer in the OSI model and is responsible for ensuring that data exchanged between systems is in a format that both the sender and the receiver can understand. This layer is concerned with data translation, encryption, decryption, compression, and other transformations to ensure compatibility between different systems. Format and code conversion services at the presentation layer may involve: 1. Data Encryption/Decryption: Encrypting data for secure transmission and decrypting it at the receiving end to ensure confidentiality and integrity. 2. Data Compression/Decompression: Compressing data to reduce transmission overhead and decompressing it at the receiving end to restore the original data. 3. Character Encoding/Decoding: Converting characters from one character encoding scheme to another, such as ASCII to Unicode or UTF-8, to ensure compatibility between systems using different character sets. 4. Data Translation: Converting data between different formats or representations, such as converting between text and binary formats, or between different file formats. 5. Protocol Conversion: Translating data between different network protocols to enable communication between systems using different protocols. Overall, the presentation layer plays a crucial role in ensuring interoperability and compatibility between heterogeneous systems by handling format and code conversion services.
Operating systems are used in caculators. Operating systems act as a layer between applications and the hardware allowing for smooth operations between the two.
The layer of the OSI model provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems where routing occurs in the network layer. The layer of the OSI model provides network services to processes in electronic mail and file transfer programs is application.
The session layer is meant to store states between two connections, like what we use cookies for when working with web programming. The presentation layer is meant to convert between different formats. This was simpler when the only format that was worried about was character encoding, ie ASCII and EBCDIC. When you consider all of the different formats that we have today(Quicktime, Flash, Pdf) centralizing this layer is out of the question. TCP/IP doesn't make any allocation to these layers, since they are really out of the scope of a networking protocol. It's up to the applications that take advantage of the stack to implement these.
The protocol adaptation layer servers as a translator between two protocols. This technology is used in digital wireless data transmission systems.
The transport layer in an OSI model is the layer that moves information or data between the network layer and the session layer. The Open Systems Interconnection model is a way of visualizing the processes that happen in communication and networking.
Layer 3 (network layer).
The data link layer handles communication between systems on the same local network. The network layer handles communication between systems on different local networks and allows those packets to be routed between the two. The data link layer would allow two machine on network a to talk to each other or two machines on network b to talk to each other. This communication takes place using the physical/MAC addresses of the machines. The network layer is what allows a machine on network a to talk to a machine on network b using logical address like IP addresses.
The transition layer between the mixed layer at the surface and the deep water layer.
transport layer processes occur between the applicaitoin layer and internet layer of the TCP/IP and between the session layer and network layer of the OSI model.