Statement of Account
Usually, a post-closing trial balance is prepared after the closing process; therefore. it contains balance sheet accounts. Only balance of retained earnings is different, the rest are the same of balance sheet or adjusted trial balance. The retained earnings are equal the retained earnings in the retained earnings statement.
nominal accounts
income summary
The two major goals of the closing process are: 1- closes temporary accounts, transfer net income 2- withdrawls to the capital account
Adjusted trail balance
Statement of Account
Usually, a post-closing trial balance is prepared after the closing process; therefore. it contains balance sheet accounts. Only balance of retained earnings is different, the rest are the same of balance sheet or adjusted trial balance. The retained earnings are equal the retained earnings in the retained earnings statement.
nominal accounts
This is rather a long process. When closing the books (preparing your financial statements) for the ending accounting period you want to end with your Balance Sheet. First you prepare a trial balance, then an adjusted trial balance, finally a post closing trial balance. Note that these are basic, these do not include other statements such as Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, Statement of Owners Equity, to name a few. After all the statements are are processed, all expense accounts, earning accounts etc, are closed out, then the remaining accounts (Assets, Liabilities, & Owners Equity) accounts are listed on the balance sheet. Remember the Balance sheet will show net profit (or loss) for that company during the financial period.
income summary
~Vivek Kumar Ambastha The Accounting Cycle The accounting cycle consists of the many steps the accounting staff follows, beginning with analyzing transaction and ending with preparing a post-closing trial balance. When the accountant analyzes source documents to determine how to record the business transaction. Thus, the basic input of the accounting cycle consists of the various source documents, including sales invoices, purchase invoices, and time cards for hourly employees. The output from the accounting cycle consists of the financial statements. The three basic financial statements are the income statement, the balance sheet and the statement of owner's equity. Adjusted Trial Balance Adjustments are recorded in the general journal at the end of each accounting period, generally as of the last date of the month. The recorded amounts are then posted to the general ledger account as of the last day of the accounting period. After posting the adjustments, the accountant prepares an adjusted trial balance to prove the equality of debits and credits. Preparation of Financial Statements The adjusted trial balance is used to prepare the income statement and the balance sheet. The revenue accounts make up the revenue of the hospitality enterprise, while the expense account make up the expenses of the business. The difference between the revenues and expenses is either net income or net loss. Net income results when revenues exceed expenses, while a net loss results when expenses exceed revenues. Closing Entries In closing entries the revenue and expense accounts are nominal accounts, since they are sub classification of owner's equity. Accountants separate revenue and expense account to get more detailed information for use in preparing the financial statements. Once the financial statements are prepared, the accountant closes the revenue and expense account, clearing the accounts to zero by transferring the balances to the owner's equity capital account. The accountant closes these accounts with closing entries that must be recorded in the general journal and then posted to the general ledger accounts. There are three basic steps are involved in closing process, they are * Close the revenue and expense accounts to the income summary account. * Close the income summary account to the owner's equity account. * Close the owner's drawing accounts to the owner's equity account. Post-Closing Trial Balance After the accountant records and posts the closing entries, the only accounts with balances that remain in the general ledger are the balance sheet accounts. These accounts must be in balance; that is, the total of debit balance accounts must equal the total of credit balance accounts. To test this equality and to check the accuracy of the closing process, the accountant prepares a post-closing trial balance. As with the trial balance prepared before the closing process, account balances are listed in debit and credit columns and totaled to ensure that debits equal credits.
The two major goals of the closing process are: 1- closes temporary accounts, transfer net income 2- withdrawls to the capital account
The basic steps in the recording process are Identify and analyzing transactions and events -> Recording in journals -> posting to the ledger -> Unadjusted trial balance -> Adjusting entries -> Adjusted trial balance -> Financial statement -> Closing entries -> Post closing trial balance
Inentify the transaction Analyze the transaction Journal Entries Post to Ledger Trial Balance Adjusting entries Adjusted Trial Balance Financial Statements Closing Entries After-Closing Trial Balance
1. Journalize transactions, Post to the accounts, Prepare a trial Balance. 2. Post to the accounts, Journalize transactions, Prepare a trial Balance. 3. Prepare a trial Balance, Journalize transaction, Post to the accounts
Adjusted trail balance
The trial balance is the list of all open accounts in the ledger (although post-closing trial balances exist as well). If the A/P (Accounts Payable) account increased on the trial balance, this would mean that entries had been made (journalized) and posted to the ledger that increase the A/P account balance. For example, buying inventory on account would increase the A/P account balance. This transaction would be journalized and then posted (process of transferring info from journal to ledger). This would result in an increase in A/P on the trial balance.