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How can ground water cause caves and sinkholes?
Acidic ground water (rain-water that has absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid) dissolving the limestone as it flows through the joints & other discontinuities in the rock mass.
What is groundwater that forms caves like?
Acidic ground water (rain-water that has absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid) forms caves by dissolving the limestone as it flows through the joints & other discontinuities in the rock mass.
What is a crack in crustal rock called?
Cracks in rocks of the crust are known broadly as discontinuities. If there is relative movement of the rocks on the two sides of the crack, then it is known as a fault. If there is not then it is known as a joint.
How do limestone caverns form?
Dissolution of the rock's primary ingredient, calcium carbonate, by water slightly acidified by absorbed atmospheric carbon-dioxide and percolating through the rock bulk's joints and other discontinuities. Eventually the network of initial tiny conduits will start to coalesce and capture, leading to discrete passages forming.
How do underground limestone caves form?
Dissolution of the limestone by rain & snow-melt water slightly acidified by absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide. It oozes through the rock's joints, bedding-planes & other discontinuities from surface to rising (spring). Eventually these initial micro-conduits start to coalescence and develop discrete passages.
Where are stringer discontinuities found?
Does sheet metal have stringer discontinuties
Is every measurable functions continuous?
No, a measurable function may have a finite number of discontinuities (for the Riemann measure), or a countably infinite number of discontinuities (for the Lebesgue measure). It should also be bounded (have some upper and lower bound, or limit, in the domain that is being measured), to be measureable. At least, some unbounded functions are not measurable.No, a measurable function may have a finite number of discontinuities (for the Riemann measure), or a countably infinite number of discontinuities (for the Lebesgue measure). It should also be bounded (have some upper and lower bound, or limit, in the domain that is being measured), to be measureable. At least, some unbounded functions are not measurable.No, a measurable function may have a finite number of discontinuities (for the Riemann measure), or a countably infinite number of discontinuities (for the Lebesgue measure). It should also be bounded (have some upper and lower bound, or limit, in the domain that is being measured), to be measureable. At least, some unbounded functions are not measurable.No, a measurable function may have a finite number of discontinuities (for the Riemann measure), or a countably infinite number of discontinuities (for the Lebesgue measure). It should also be bounded (have some upper and lower bound, or limit, in the domain that is being measured), to be measureable. At least, some unbounded functions are not measurable.
What are the discontinuities of the function f(x) the quantity of x squared plus 5 x plus 6 all over 2 x plus 16.?
This is a rational function; such functions have discontinuities when their DENOMINATOR (the bottom part) is equal to zero. Therefore, to find the discontinuities, simply solve the equation:Denominator = 0 Or specifically in this case: 2x + 16 = 0
What is the difference between Riemann and Lebesgue integral?
The Lebesgue integral covers a wider variety of cases. Specifically, the definition of hte Riemann integral permits a finite number of discontinuities; the Lebesgue integral permits a countable infinity of discontinuities.
How do you find the discontinuities of 2x-3?
y=2x-3 has no discontinuities because no matter what you plug into x the function will be continuous.THEOREM 2.7.2Polynomials are continuous functionsIf P is polynomial and c is any real number thenlimx → c p(x) = p(c)
Explain the basic principle of magnetic particle testing?
By changing the permiability of ferromagnetic meterials, surface and near surface discontinuities are traced, is the principle of magnetic particle testing. By changing the permiability of ferromagnetic meterials, surface and near surface discontinuities are traced, is the principle of magnetic particle testing.
What function is integrable but not continuous?
A function may have a finite number of discontinuities and still be integrable according to Riemann (i.e., the Riemann integral exists); it may even have a countable infinite number of discontinuities and still be integrable according to Lebesgue. Any function with a finite amount of discontinuities (that satisfies other requirements, such as being bounded) can serve as an example; an example of a specific function would be the function defined as: f(x) = 1, for x < 10 f(x) = 2, otherwise
Can a discontinuous function be developed in a Fourier series?
Yes, a Fourier series can be used to approximate a function with some discontinuities. This can be proved easily.
The velocities of seismic waves traveling from earthquake foci?
Generally increase with depth, occasionally making abrupt jumps termed seismic-velocity discontinuities.
What is curvelet transform?
multiscale and multidirectional transform just like Fourier and wavelet but more sparse and redundant....useful in representing 2-D discontinuities in image
How thick is the upper mantle by itself?
The thickness of upper mantle discontinuities (at depths around 410 km and 660 km) provides a critical clue to our understanding of deep earth. Since the amplitude of reflected or S‐P converted waves is controlled by the thickness of discontinuities, short‐period studies of such waves may give a fine constraint on the thickness of upper mantle discontinuities. In this study, we analysed short‐period and vertical waveform data from 14 deep events in the Fiji‐Tonga region. The data were obtained from J‐Array, a short‐period and large‐aperture seismic array in Japan. With slant stack analyses of these data, we detected short‐period reflections or S‐to‐P conversions from 410 km and 660 km discontinuities near sources, which implies that both discontinuities are quite sharp. To directly measure the frequency content of these waves, linear slant stacks were made with various frequency pass‐bands (0.2-0.5, 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0 Hz). Synthetic traces were generated for the models with various thicknesses of the 410 km and the 660 km discontinuities. Comparison of slant stacks with synthetic traces indicates that the thickness of both discontinuities is at most 5 km.
What are engineering properties of igneous rock?
Broadly igneous rocks are divided in two categories 1) Extrusive Rock 2) Intrusive Rocks.Intrusive rocks, in general , have density 150-200(pcf) their compressive strength ranges form 3-30 (Psi*100). Usually the discontinuities found in these rocks are joints, Mostly tight joints, so the permeability and storage capacity is low.The extrusive rocks have density range from 120-200 (pcf) and their compressive strength ranges is 1-30(Psi*100).As these rocks are formed by the consolidation of lave on the surface of earth, and are exposed to the weathering agents more then the intrusive rocks, so these have many type of discontinuities in them, the most common are joints, voids and flow fractures. The presence of discontinuities increase the permeability and ability to store the fluids,mostly water. Hence its permeability is from low to high, depending upon the concentration of discontinuities.
