because they are not paired....
Lone pairs typically have the greater repulsion because lone pairs want to be as far apart from one another as possible, even more so than bonding pairs. This is because the lone pairs consist of free-moving electrons.
Chlorine (nucleus) has 1 lone pair and 3 polar-covalent bonding pairs (the shared pairs with O). Each oxygen (nucleus) has 3 lone pairs and 1 polar-covalent bonding pair (the shared pair with Cl)
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The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
Consider: Number of bonding domains on the central atom Number of non-bonding electron pairs (lone pairs) on the central atom
The repulsion between lone pairs are stronger than the repulsion between bonding pairs between one bonding pair and lone pair due to electrostatic interactions.
3 bond pairs and no lone pairs
Lone pairs typically have the greater repulsion because lone pairs want to be as far apart from one another as possible, even more so than bonding pairs. This is because the lone pairs consist of free-moving electrons.
These pairs of electrons are referred to as lone pairs.
Such pairs of electrons are called as lone pairs.
There are four electrons, which is two pair.
Chlorine (nucleus) has 1 lone pair and 3 polar-covalent bonding pairs (the shared pairs with O). Each oxygen (nucleus) has 3 lone pairs and 1 polar-covalent bonding pair (the shared pair with Cl)
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NH4 WILL HAVE 1 LONE ELECTRON AS 4 GOT INCLUDING IN BONDING BUT IT CAN BE INSTEAD NH4+ THUS THE LONE ELECTRON HAS BEEN LOST THUS NH4+ HAS 4 bond pairs and no lone pairs
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.