Chemical Bonding

Calcium phosphate ) Ca3(PO4)2

The calcium cations are ionically bonded to the phosphate anions.

3Ca^(2+) + 2PO4^(3-)

The calcium cations have an overall charges of 3 x 2(+) = 6(+)

This '6+' MUST be balanced against a '6-' charge on the phosphate anions. Hence we have 2 x -3 =-6 , to balance the charges.

However, with in the phosphate anion the four oxygen atoms are covalently bonded to the phosphorus atom. This leaves three 'spare' electrons for ionic bonding to the calcium cation.

What is c2h2???

If you mean 'C2H2' , then this is ETH**Y**NE

It is an AlkYne , neither an Alkane, nor an Alkene

There is a TRIPLE bond between the two carbons. Structurally,

H-C///C-H

It archaic name is acetylene, as used in oxy-acetylene burners.

NB Note the one letter 'Y' difference in the spelling.

NNB Single letter elemental symbols are ALWAYS written as a CAPITAL letter.

Hence carbon is 'C' not 'c' and hydrogen is 'H' not 'h'

This is the agreed international standard, and as shown in the Periodic Table.

No such compound as 'scl6'.

If you mean ' SCl6' , then this is sulphur hexachloride.

NB Note the use of capital letters.

Single letter chemical symbols are ALWAYS a CAPITAL letter.

Two letter chemical symbols are ALWAYS written as ; first letter is a CAPITAL letter, and the second letter is lower/small case.

Hence sulphur is 'S' NOT 's'

Chlorine is ' Cl'. NOT 'cl'.

This is to avoid confusion. As agreed internationally, by IUPAC, and as shown in the Periodic Table.

Because the electrons are fixed their given bond, and are NOT free to move.

When electrons are free to move within a substance then it is conducting electricity.

In Diamond , electrons are not free to move. ], because each carbon atom creates four single covalent bonds , with each of its four neighbour carbon atoms, in an Adamantine Structure.

However, in Graphite, each carbon atom creates three bonds with neighbour carbon atoms. This leaves a 'spare' electron that can move. Hence graphite conducts electricity,; as in carbon brushes in electrical motors.

Diamond and Graphite are two of the three allotropes of carbon. One conducts electricity , but the other resists conduction.

NO!!!!

Helium is the MOST inert element in the Periodic Table.

Crystalline.

Sodium chloride form a cube crystal.

Of the eight(8) corners in the crystal, sodium cations and chloride anions alternate.

This is just a very simple crystal. More complex crystalline structures a common.

YES!!!

It dissolves in water to form the ions K^(+) & CN^(-)

The CN^(-) is a triple covalently bonded anion , with a 'spare' electron giving it the charge of 'CN^(-)'. ( -1)

N///C^(-)

Sodium Chloride is an ionically bonded molecule.

Na^(+) + Cl^(-) = NaCl(s).

it's a molecular compound due to the fact that it's made up of two non-metal elements. Ionic compounds and made up of a metal and a non-metal

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a covalent compound, not an ionic compound. It consists of silicon and oxygen atoms held together by covalent bonds, where electrons are shared between the atoms rather than being transferred as in ionic compounds.

'What is ' siO2 ? '. No such molecule. !!!!!

If you mean, ' SiO2'. then it is covalently bonded.

NB When writing chemical symbols; Single letter symbols are ALWAYS a CAPITAL letter. ; Double letter symbols are written as, first letter is a CAPITAL letter, and the second letter is small/lower case. Hence silicon is 'Si' , NOT 'si'.

This is the universal standard for chemical elemental symbols, as shown in the Periodic Table.

Very erroneously 'si' could be confused for 'Sulphur(S)' and 'Iodine(I)'.

The covalent compound SiO2 is called silicon dioxide, commonly known as silica. It is one of the most abundant compounds on Earth, found in various forms such as quartz, sand, and glass.

One example of a covalent compound found in the body is DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is made up of covalent bonds between nucleotide subunits, forming the double helix structure that carries genetic information in cells.

MgCO3 is Magnesium Carbonate.

In magnesium carbonate the magnesium cation bonds ioniccally with the carbonate anion.

The carbon and oxygen in the carbonate anion bond covalently.

Mg^(2+) + CO3^(2-_ = MgCO3(s)

CO3^(2-) = O=C-(O^(-))2 The covalent bonding arrangement. Two oxygens singly covalently bond to the carbon , each have a charge of '-1' , which resonates between the two oxygen ions giving for a charge of '-2' . The third oxygen is doubly bonded to the carbon and has no charge. This satisfies the valency of carbon at '4' and also satisfies the valency of oxygen at '2'.

All compounds be they ionic or covalent are Molecules.

The question should read ' Is N2O4 an ionic molecule or a covalent molecule?' The answer is covalent.

The ionic compound formed from Barium (Ba) and Chlorine (Cl) is Barium Chloride, with a chemical formula BaCl2.

The ionic compound formed from sodium (Na) and bromine (Br) is sodium bromide, with the chemical formula NaBr.

What is ' NAI '.

If you mean ' NaI '. Then it is ionic.

In solution it dissolves to form the ions , Na^(+) ^ I^(-)

NB

Two elements have the chemical symbol 'N' ; Nitrogen and 'I' Iodine. However, there is no element with the symbol 'A'. Note the use of capital letters.

For all elemental symbols . Single letter symbols are ALWAYS a CAPITAL letter. For Double letter symbols, the first letter is always a capital letter, and the second letter is always small/lower case.

Hence sodium is 'Na' , NOT 'NA'.

This is the internationally agreed standard, and as found in the Periodic Table.

At room temperature, ionic bonds are strong enough to cause all ionic compounds to be in solid form.

Think in analogue terms.

Covalent ; is like linking arms with your friend. He has you arm and you have his arm, but the respective arms remain attached to the parent body.

The combining electrons remain with their parent atom.

Ionic ; is like the north(N) and south(S) poles of a magnet being attracted to each other. Electron(s) are ionised from one atom to give it a positive charge (+) and undergo electron affinity with an electronegative element to give that element a negative charge(-). The charges MUST balance.

No such molecule as ' BaOH '.

If you mean barium hydroxide, then the chemical formula is ' Ba(OH)2 '.

Note the use of brackets and the figure '2'.

The bond formed between the barium cation and the two hydroxide anions is IONIC .

Ba^(2+) + 2OH^(-) = Ba^(2+) + OH^(-) + OH^(-)

The charges MUST balance. 1 x 2+ in the barium cation equals 2 x 1^(-) in the hydroxide anions.,

Within the hydroxide anion the oxygen and the hydrogen are covalently combined, leaving an 'excess' electron to combine ionically with the barium cation.

It is a covalent bond to form water

H^(+)(aq) + OH^(-)(aq) H2O(l)

Without any external agency, water naturally sets up an equilibrium between its molecules and its separate ions.

The bond type between hydrogen(H) and sulphur(S) is a covalent bond as in 'ethanethiol' { CH3CH2-S-H ). The sulphur equivalent of ethanol(ethyl alcohol/alcohol).